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Animal Biological Systems > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Stress induced fetal programming species

A

Livestock

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2
Q

Stress induced fetal programming effects

A

Low birth weight
Slow growth
Poor feed conversion
Poor carcass characteristics
Most often die

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3
Q

Fetal programming

A

Role that the environment plays in fetal development

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4
Q

Stress

A

Social stress
Nutritional
Chronic environment stress
Toxic ingest

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5
Q

Nutritional stress

A

Under feeding
Over feeding
Deficiencies

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6
Q

Chronic stress

A

Heat
Cold
Hypoxemia

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7
Q

Toxic ingest stress

A

Immune response

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8
Q

Thrifty definition

A

Stressor between 1st and 2nd trimester

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9
Q

Nutrition partitioning when stressed

A

Hormones direct hormones to muscles for maintenance
Glucose O2

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10
Q

Glucose O2 is needed to

A

Fuel the body

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11
Q

Insufficient nutrition partitioning leads to

A

Increased inflammatory cytokines
Increased catecholamines (adrenaline)

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12
Q

Consequences of insufficient nutrition partitioning

A

Reduced size
Decreased lean mass
Increased fat mass
Increased inflammatory sensitivity
Decreased adrenergic sensitivity
Altered insulin release and signals
Reduced capacity for glucose

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13
Q

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

Longissimus dorsi ultrasound - ribeye area

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14
Q

Glucose metabolism

A

Hindleg

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15
Q

Ex vivo

A

In death
Insulin stimulate glucose uptake
Insulin signaling

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16
Q

Waste management trends

A

Farms are increasing in size
The amount of animal waste is increasing
Farmers must find new ways to manage animal waste

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17
Q

Waste Management Regulatory Laws

A

Public Health Act
Environmental Management Act of 2005

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18
Q

Regulatory means

A

Controls ANY type of waste, not just animal
Govern transport, treatment, & disposal of waste

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19
Q

Why is waste management important?

A

Clean and green agriculture is now increasing importance in marketing produce both domestically and overseas

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20
Q

Appropriate management of farm wastes can benefit farming by preventing

A

Contamination impacting property value
Contamination of the land and water on your farm
Breeding sites for disease spreading mosquitos
Contamination of produce
Stock injustice of death
Offensive odors
Large penalties and clean-up costs from poor waste management

21
Q

Manure =

A

Feces + urine as excreted

22
Q

Waste =

A

Manure + bedding + wasted feed + leaked water + etc.

23
Q

What parts of animal’s cause impacts?

A

Mouths - eating
Bodies - damage property
Hooves - impact soil
Manure - get into water supplies

24
Q

Ground water issues

A

Drinking water for rural residents
Vulnerable to contaminant leaching
Excess nitrogen = health problems in elderly and infants

25
Q

Surface water issues

A

Phosphorus loading
Dissolved oxygen levels
Increases in biochemical oxygen demand

26
Q

Phosphorus is a

A

Naturally occurring element

27
Q

The main sources of phosphorus loading from animal operations are

A

Manure runoff
Soil erosion

28
Q

Phosphorus is a limiting factor for

A

Aquatic plant growth

29
Q

Fish and other aquatic critters need certain levels of ______ _______ to breathe

A

Dissolved oxygen

30
Q

What generates dissolved oxygen

A

Aquatic plants and algae undergoing photosynthesis

31
Q

Naturally occurring aerobic bacteria act as

A

Waterway scavengers

32
Q

Increased waste =

A

Surge of aerobic bacteria which decreases oxygen

33
Q

Animal waste management is controlling

A

Odors
Dust
Flies
Rodents
Other nuisances

34
Q

Factors in animal waste management

A

Size of operation
Climate
Type of animal
Amount of money to invest
Direction of wind
Temperature

35
Q

Confined system:

A

Animals kept in barn or on a lot
Requires high waste management
Labor/machines required to remove waste
Waste kept in lagoon or spread directly on to a field

36
Q

Unconfined system:

A

Utilizes pasture
Waste left on pasture
Uses little barn space
Very low maintenance for waste removal

37
Q

How can manure be a resource?

A

Promotes soil fertility and plant growth
Important nutrients: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

38
Q

Effective management depends on

A

Collection
Storage
Application
Removal

39
Q

Manure collects in

A

Pasture
Cages
Bedded stalls/barns
Dry lots

40
Q

Cage collection

A

Manure drops through cage and is removed
Small animals - rabbits, poultry/birds

41
Q

Bedded stall or barn

A

Horses, cattle, swine, poultry
Manual cleaning to remove waste and manure

42
Q

Manure storage considerations

A

Distance from streams, ponds, wells
Prevailing wind direction
Slope of ground
Soil type

43
Q

Manual storage - avoiding runoff

A

Install buffer strips
Install berms or ditches

44
Q

Buffer strips

A

Vegetated area between storage and stream

45
Q

Berms or ditches

A

Prevents water from entering or leaving storage area

46
Q

Composting:

A

Reduces volume
Kills parasites
Reduces weed seeds
Reduces odor
Provides slow-release fertilizer
Provides soil amendment

47
Q

Composting requirements:

A

Oxygen
Moisture
Correct carbon to nitrogen ratio (30:1)
Temperature (120-160 F)

48
Q

What to do with manure

A

Apply it to property
Arrange to remove it (landscapers/gardeners/farmers)
Haul it yourself
Landfilling (bury on property)

Animal Biological Systems (5 decks)

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