Quiz 6

Question 1

Case Study Research Design

Answer 1

Generates an in-depth multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context; cases are examples that show how and why something happened; model to improve practice; shows changes as the result of a new event.

-sampling by type of case study: one person, event, or program

3 Different types:
Intrinsic
Instrumental
Collective

Data Collection: Triangulation (QUAL)

Data analysis: Includes both QUAN and QUAL methods.

1. Qualitative analysis: can be quan or qual
2. Quantitative analysis: can be quan or qual

Question 2

Intrinsic (Case Study)

Answer 2

explore a unique occurrence of a real-life situation; the focus in this type of research is on exploring and explaining the uniqueness of the case

Question 3

Instrumental (case study)

Answer 3

Selects one case from a group that will develop a better understanding of real-life issues

Question 4

Collective (case study)

Answer 4

elements from several cases combine to create case; allows more in depth understanding than possible with single case

Question 5

Focused Ethnography Design

Answer 5

The primary reason for selecting this design is when the goal is to understand the day-to-day aspects of a culture. The researchers would immerse themselves in the culture and collect data over the course of several years. Understand culture of group; in depth look at specific health-related belief/issue/practice within culture sharing group, goal -> researcher develops detailed portrait of groups shared culture, behaviors, beliefs and to understanding the health-related issue, studying verbal, nonverbal, symbolic communication, understand day to day behavior (explicit) and the implicit patterns about health-related issue

Question 6

Special features of Focused Ethnographies:

Answer 6

-The focus is on understanding a specific health-related issue within the culture group versus understanding every aspect of the group’s culture.

Gatekeeper: Used to gain entrance into group; introduce; takes time to build trust

• Data collection:
  1. Interviews/Observations: field notes -> observational

2. Key informant: someone that has knowledge or relationship of group; explains aspects of group behavior and communication patterns in detail. Helps the researcher control for bias
3. Triangulation: vitally important
   - Data Analysis- can use any of the 29 analysis methods

Question 7

Phenomenological Design (Lived Expereinces)

Answer 7

The researchers’ goal is to develop an understanding of an event, life situation, or experience through the study of people who have lived through the event/situation/experience
-Focused on collecting data from first person experiences.

Question 8

Special Features of Phenomenological Design

Answer 8

Sampling: 5-25 people, snowball, purposive, convenience

• Data collection:
  1. Interviews
• Data analysis:
  1. Reflective bracketing: Researcher puts aside own knowledge, experiences, and feeling to allow participant experiences and interpretation to guide

2. Member checking: Researcher shares preliminary data analysis (themes) with participants to see if they are accurate; uncovers hidden bias and misinterpretation -> enhance trustworthiness: credibility
3. Low inference data: Use of low inference data to explain codes and themes; direct quotes from participant interviews

Question 9

Grounded Theory Design

Answer 9

Researchers goal is to develop a theory about a “process, action, or interaction, shaped by the views of participants”.

Purpose of Grounded Theory (what does this method seek to understand?): Develop theory or conceptual model that explains real-life processes, actions, or interaction between individuals; NOT experiences; goal is beyond description of the phenomena; development of theory or model

Question 10

Special Features of Grounded Theory Design

Answer 10

sampling: Theoretical sampling -> recruit people in phases based on results

-Data collection:
In phases:
Data Analysis: open coding (fragmented and
analyzed for commonalities), axial coding
(patterns, interconnections emerge), selective
coding (overall picture of the data)

Question 11

theoretical sampling

Answer 11

type of non-probability sampling (used for grounded)

Question 12

Theoretical underpinning

Answer 12

Theoretical underpinning: theory has been established and defines the relationships between variables -> foundational understanding of issue (used in all but grounded theory, especially in case study)

Question 13

Theoretical framework:

Answer 13

make a theory (used in all but grounded)