Quiz 5 - religion and globalization Flashcards
cultural homogenization versus heterogenization
pessimistic hyper globalization:
globalization is ending the world’s diversity
“westernization”
optimistic hyper globalization:
generates sameness, but that isn’t bad
westernization means the expansion of free markets and democracy
open systems theory
religious organizations and society influence each other
religious organizations promote resistance to homosexuality, which then influences society, reinforcing the same attitudes back to the religious groups
Max Weber and religion
maintaining social order was once the task of prophets
with modernity, prophecy was transformed into something commonplace and the sacred social order is now produced by those with competence (charisma)
raltionalization created a world where gods were chased away
magical and supernatural elements were replaced by science, law, etc.
human logic and institutions take precedence
secularism
the idea that religion declines under modernity
cultural globalization
the intensification and expansion of cultural flows across the globe
spreading of ideas, symbols, practices
Emile Durkheim and religion
religion is social
society is accountable for the existence of religion
society is the religion of man
the supernatural does not exist
similar to the functionalist approach
believes in the sacred and the profane
defines magic and it’s utilitarian nature
secularism theory
religion is doomed under modernity
religion loses its significance
this is why religion was ignored by sociologists
argues that religion might still be significant to the individual, but would no longer influence the social, economic, political, and cultural direction of modern industrial societies
Karl Marx and religion
religion is a “pure illusion”
religion is an economic and political problem; a by-product of class struggle
religion is man-made
religion meets the emotional needs of man, but blinds him to the nature of his suffering
the abolition of religion is the only way for the oppressed to gain their freedom
world system theory 3 great regions
the core
powerful countries like Japan, the US
the periphery
subordinated to the core through colonialism or other means
Africa, Asia, Middle East
the semi-periphery
countries in the core that moved down or those in the periphery who moved up
“new global” historians
the 1950s was the beginning of the contemporary current of globalization
everything before the 1950s wasn’t globalism, but “international exchange”
functional approach to religion
focuses on what religion does and not what it is
religion serves as a function of helping us understand the purpose of life
any belief system that doesn’t address the meaning of life is not considered a religion
overlooks the supernatural
world systems theory
does not view globalization as a recent phenomenon, but synonymous with the 1500s birth of world capitalism
uses the larger historical system or world society insteady of Marx’s class structures as a unit of analysis
Globalism
a condition in which the world is interconnected and interdependent
eurocentrism
globalization originating in Europe before expanding to the rest of the world
Friedman’s globalization phases
globalization 1.0 (1492-1800)
world shrank from large to medium
resources and conquest
2.0 (1800-2000)
medium to small
markets and labor
3.0 (2000-present)
small to tiny
driven by individuals and small groups
