nationalism and social change Flashcards
anomie
lacking usual social or ethnic standards
causes of anomie
rapid social changes
sources of rapid social change
things like 9/11, natural disasters
sources of long-term social change
environmental pressure, population growth, technological and cultural diffusion
climate change, internet, colonialism, Americanization
reform movements
targeting policy or practice while leaving broader structures intact
countermovement
collective action aiming to undo or counteract changes brought about by a previous form of collective action
revolutionary movement
overthrow existing political systems and replace them with entirely new ones
driving forces behind social movements
people feeling frustrated or discontent with their conditions
and people realize that collective action is necessary
main functions of ideology in social movements
provides moral framework (mobilization)
defines group interests
outlines end goals or desired outcomes
ideology drives membership!!
relative deprivation
social movements arise when conditions are improving
small improvements raise expectations and desires
revolutions happen during times of rising expectations
because context shapes perception!!!
resource mobilization
money, support (PACs), labor, participants, legal aid, media access
aka. human, cultural, material, and moral resources
social movements and political opportunity
social movements depend on external conditions (structures or political institutions)
vulnerable systems create openings for movements to develop
political openings encourage activism
definition of nation
a named community that:
- lives in a perceived homeland
- shares common myths
- enjoys a distinct public culture
- has collective laws and customs
objective definitions of nation
focus on tangible elements
language, territory, culture
limited because some nations are multi-lingual
subjective definitions of nation
perception & shared sentiment
can be too broad because it can include communities that are not nations
ethnie
an ethnic group or community
- bound by shared ancestry
- cultural elements (language x religion)
- historical memories
may lack political goals or unified public culture
doesn’t necessarily reside in ancestral homeland
nationalism
used to refer to:
- formation of nations
- collective conscious of belonging to a nation
- language and symbolism that represent a nation
- social or political movements advocating for a nation
- ideology that places the nation at the center of the political cultural life
nationalism as a sociological movement
key distinction:
emphasizes the development & expression of a shared “cultural identity” (cultural gestation and representation)
3 goals of nationalism
national autonomy
national unity
national identity
national autonomy
a desire to be self-governing and free from controlnstio
national unity
seeks to create a sense of unity among people who identify as part of the nation - fostering a shared identity and purpose
national identity
creating a shared cultural identity that distinguishes one nation from others
(language, culture, symbols)
difference between patriotism and ethnonationalism
patriotism = loyalty to state
ethnonationalism = loyalty to an ethnic group or ancestry-based community
naitonal identity
how people relate to their nation
understanding people’s sense of belonging to a nation
importance of national identity
national identity is tied to national unity, autonomy, and culture
individual vs. collective identity
individual:
people may have multiple identities that change (work, family, religion)
collective:
national identity is a stable, cultural collective often built on symbols, myths, and values that individuals resonate with
being part of a nation goes beyond individual affiliation, as it is a shared culture
dynamic national identity
national identity evolves as cultures and generations interpret symbols, values, and myths
a nation’s values may evolve from a “heroic vision” (liberation) to a more practical identity (diversity and innovation)
