nationalism and social change

Question 1

anomie

Answer 1

lacking usual social or ethnic standards

Question 2

causes of anomie

Answer 2

rapid social changes

Question 3

sources of rapid social change

Answer 3

things like 9/11, natural disasters

Question 4

sources of long-term social change

Answer 4

environmental pressure, population growth, technological and cultural diffusion

climate change, internet, colonialism, Americanization

Question 5

reform movements

Answer 5

targeting policy or practice while leaving broader structures intact

Question 6

countermovement

Answer 6

collective action aiming to undo or counteract changes brought about by a previous form of collective action

Question 7

revolutionary movement

Answer 7

overthrow existing political systems and replace them with entirely new ones

Question 8

driving forces behind social movements

Answer 8

people feeling frustrated or discontent with their conditions
and people realize that collective action is necessary

Question 9

main functions of ideology in social movements

Answer 9

provides moral framework (mobilization)

defines group interests

outlines end goals or desired outcomes

ideology drives membership!!

Question 10

relative deprivation

Answer 10

social movements arise when conditions are improving

small improvements raise expectations and desires

revolutions happen during times of rising expectations

because context shapes perception!!!

Question 11

resource mobilization

Answer 11

money, support (PACs), labor, participants, legal aid, media access

aka. human, cultural, material, and moral resources

Question 12

social movements and political opportunity

Answer 12

social movements depend on external conditions (structures or political institutions)

vulnerable systems create openings for movements to develop

political openings encourage activism

Question 13

definition of nation

Answer 13

a named community that:
- lives in a perceived homeland
- shares common myths
- enjoys a distinct public culture
- has collective laws and customs

Question 14

objective definitions of nation

Answer 14

focus on tangible elements

language, territory, culture

limited because some nations are multi-lingual

Question 15

subjective definitions of nation

Answer 15

perception & shared sentiment

can be too broad because it can include communities that are not nations

Question 16

ethnie

Answer 16

an ethnic group or community
- bound by shared ancestry
- cultural elements (language x religion)
- historical memories

may lack political goals or unified public culture

doesn’t necessarily reside in ancestral homeland

Question 17

nationalism

Answer 17

used to refer to:
- formation of nations
- collective conscious of belonging to a nation
- language and symbolism that represent a nation
- social or political movements advocating for a nation
- ideology that places the nation at the center of the political cultural life

Question 18

nationalism as a sociological movement

Answer 18

key distinction:
emphasizes the development & expression of a shared “cultural identity” (cultural gestation and representation)

Question 19

3 goals of nationalism

Answer 19

national autonomy

national unity

national identity

Question 20

national autonomy

Answer 20

a desire to be self-governing and free from controlnstio

Question 21

national unity

Answer 21

seeks to create a sense of unity among people who identify as part of the nation - fostering a shared identity and purpose

Question 22

national identity

Answer 22

creating a shared cultural identity that distinguishes one nation from others
(language, culture, symbols)

Question 23

difference between patriotism and ethnonationalism

Answer 23

patriotism = loyalty to state
ethnonationalism = loyalty to an ethnic group or ancestry-based community

Question 24

naitonal identity

Answer 24

how people relate to their nation
understanding people’s sense of belonging to a nation

Question 25

importance of national identity

Answer 25

national identity is tied to national unity, autonomy, and culture

Question 26

individual vs. collective identity

Answer 26

individual:
people may have multiple identities that change (work, family, religion)

collective:
national identity is a stable, cultural collective often built on symbols, myths, and values that individuals resonate with

being part of a nation goes beyond individual affiliation, as it is a shared culture

Question 27

dynamic national identity

Answer 27

national identity evolves as cultures and generations interpret symbols, values, and myths

a nation’s values may evolve from a “heroic vision” (liberation) to a more practical identity (diversity and innovation)