Quiz 5 Questions Chapter 6 & 7 Flashcards
What are the three types of multiple baseline designs?
- Across individuals or groups of individuals. Most common and most reliable. Behaviors need not be independent and no need to worry about generalization.
- Across behaviors. The behaviors must be independent. That means they are not members of the same response class (at the moment). Try to select very different baseline that appear unrelated.
- Across situations. Hope the stimulus control does not generalize to the other situation.
What is the difference between a concurrent and non-concurrent multiple baseline design?
In a concurrent multiple baseline data are being collected for all baselines each day. In a non-concurrent multiple baseline data are not collected concurrently and may even be collected sequentially.
What are two advantages of a multiple baseline design?
1.Do not require a reversal.
- Sometimes there are clinical and ethical reasons not to reverse
What is the most commonly used replication based research design (not counting the AB designs)?
The multiple baseline design.
What is a major pitfall of the multiple baseline across behaviors design?
The behaviors need to be independent. If they are members of the same response class or chained together it will not work.
What is the major pitfall of the multiple baseline across situations or settings design?
It will not work if there is generalization across the settings. Sometimes common elements such as the presence of the same person in both setting can produce generalization across settings.
Why would you add a return to baseline condition to a multiple baseline design?
To determine whether the effects of the treatment actually maintain.
Define a counterbalance multiple baseline design that compares treatment B, C and B+C.
In one set you would begin with baseline (the A condition), then introduce treatment B alone, then introduce the two treatments together (treatment B+ treatment C) and in the other set you would follow the sequence baseline (A), followed by treatment C, followed by B+C.
How you would define a multi-element design (alternating treatments design).
Both treatments are given each day with the order of treatment being determined randomly each day
Why is the multi-element design (sometimes called an alternating treatments design) usually the best design to use when you wish to compare the efficacy of two treatments?
It reduces the impact of variables that may vary daily but this is not the same as controlling these variables.
What is a functional analysis of a behavior?
A short research study to determine the reinforcer maintaining a particular behavior
What is a structural analysis of a behavior?
Examining when, where, in the presence of whom, and situations associated with a behavior
What are the three steps in performing a functional analysis?
a. Perform an ABC analysis to determine Antecedents and Consequences associated with the behavior.
b. Interview people who are familiar with the problem
c. Perform an experimental analysis of the problem behavior using a behavior analysis research design
Which Behavior Analysis design is most commonly used in performing a functional analysis?
The multi-element.
What are the four types of functional analysis experimental approaches?
1) Vary suspected MO e.g., high attention low attention, or difficult work vs. easy work
2) Reinforcement vs. extinction for each potential function.
3) Reinforcement of the behavior vs. reinforcement for the absence of the behavior (DRO or omission training)
4) Reinforcement of one behavior or reinforcement of an incompatible behavior
