Quiz 2 Questions

Question 1

What are the two basic recording techniques?

Answer 1

Automated recording where a machine program determines whether a behavior occurred.

Observational recording where people determine whether a behavior occurred in real time or by viewing a recording of the behavior

Question 2

Is recording behavior with a DVR automated or observational recording?

Answer 2

Automated when a machine scores the behavior and observational when a person viewing the DVR determines whether the behavior occurred.

Question 3

Define automated recording and provide five good examples.

Answer 3

Measuring a behavior using a machine. Use GPS to measure duration and distance of walks from home, Measure activity using a 3 axis accelerometer, Use data loggers to score driver seatbelt use. Use store checkout computers to measure purchase of healthy foods, Gas or electric meters to measure energy consumption, odometer to measure how much someone drivers.

Question 4

What are three advantages of automated recording?

Answer 4

Precise measurement

Low rate of monitoring and supervision

Easy translation from recording to spread sheets

Question 5

What are three disadvantages of automated recording?

Answer 5

Expense of equipment

May require skilled personnel to program and service it.

Currently it cannot measure a lot of social behaviors that are of interest.

Question 6

What are the most common type of automated recording devices currently available?

Answer 6

The use of computers to measure academic behaviors

The use of smart phones and watches to measure sleep, activity levels, and location over time.

Question 7

What are some other devices in the natural environment that can be used to measure behavior?

Answer 7

Devices that measure energy use in homes and workplaces

Universal product codes to categorize what type of foods people are purchasing

Devices in a car that measure miles driven and various driving behaviors.

Question 8

How do we measure the reliability of automated recording?

Answer 8

The use of calibration methods to ensure the device is working properly.

Question 9

List some types of sensors used for automated recording

Answer 9

Video, accelerometers, GPS, LiDAR, Radio Frequency tags, Audio sensors. Blue tooth sensors

Question 10

Is measurement of an enduring product automated recording or observational recording?

Answer 10

It can be either depending upon whether the enduring product is measured by a machine or a human observer. Most often, observational recording is employed.

Question 11

Define enduring product and provide five good examples.

Answer 11

Measure the product of a behavior. Vandalism by measuring damage during daily inspections, number of vehicles parked in more than one space, weight of recycle material, number of problems correct and incorrect on a daily quiz, problems completed in a one minute timed math drill.

Question 12

What are two important considerations when measuring lasting products of a behavior?

Answer 12

The characteristics of the material. Does the number of items vary each day, is the task open ended such as a block building task? The purpose for recording. Are you trying to build fluency on a task, diversity of responding or accuracy of responding? You may be interested in changing many aspects of the behavior.

Question 13

Define ABC recording and describe what it is used for.

Answer 13

Keeping a record of behaviors you are concerned with along with immediate antecedents and immediate consequences.

Question 14

What is the most common reason for using ABC recording?

Answer 14

As part of a functional analysis

Question 15

What is the best way to use frequency recording?

Answer 15

Record the time the behavior occurs

Question 16

Describe discrete categorization/behavioral checklists. Why is this a popular recording method?

Answer 16

Recording whether a behavior occurred or not when it‘s supposed to occur. It is easy to use and checklists are appropriate to measuring many behaviors.

Question 17

What is the difference between duration recording and latency recording?

Answer 17

With duration recording you measure how long a behavior occurs, with latency recording you measure the interval between an instruction or other antecedent event and the start or completion of a behavior.

Question 18

Define momentary time sampling.

Answer 18

Record whether a behavior occurs at particular points in time such as every minute.

Question 19

Define partial interval time sampling.

Answer 19

Divide a session into short intervals of time. Score whether the behavior occurs at all during each of the short intervals. It need not occur for the entire interval.

Question 20

When should you use partial interval time sampling? What is a drawback?

Answer 20

It is useful for measuring behaviors that occur for short durations, it tends to overestimate the amount of behavior

Question 21

Suggest two behaviors that could be observed using partial interval time sampling.

Answer 21

The percent of time a child spends engaging in disruptive behavior. The percent of time a child engages in sharing behavior during various activities.

Question 22

When should you use whole interval time sampling? What is a drawback?

Answer 22

It is useful when you wish to measure a behavior you would like to occur most of the time. It tends to underestimate the occurrence of the behavior.

Question 23

Suggest two behaviors that could be observed using whole interval time sampling.

Answer 23

The percent of intervals a student spends studying. The percent of intervals a employee spends working

Question 24

What would be a good alternative to partial interval time sampling?

Answer 24

Frequency recording.

Question 25

What would be a good alternative to whole interval time sampling?

Answer 25

Duration recording.

Question 26

When using interval time sampling, what determine the length of the interval?

Answer 26

The frequency of the behavior and the typical duration of the behavior.

Question 27

What are three rules for using holistic scoring?

Answer 27

Scorers should not know the purpose of the study.

Scorers should score samples in a random order.

Scorers should be expert in the area being scored.

Question 28

What are five methods that can help in performing a task analysis?

Answer 28

Consult with experts.

Engage in the behavior in slow motion.

Look at video in slow motion

Attempt to identify stimuli controlling each component of a chain

Examine competent individuals.

Question 29

What is the difference between discrete categorization/check list and momentary time sampling?

Answer 29

Use momentary time sampling when it is a behavior can freely occur but use a checklist if it is a behavior that should occur at a particular time.