Quiz 5 (2/27)

Question 1

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages:

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

Answer 1

Early Childhood

• develop a greater sense of personal control
• control gained through making preferences in food, clothing, and toys
• success results in confidence and being secure with oneself
• failure results in inadequacy and self-doubt

Question 2

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages:

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 2

Pre-School Years

• asserting power through directing play and other social interactions
• success results in a sense of capability and an ability to lead others
• failure results in a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative

Question 3

Self-concept

Answer 3

The set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is.

Question 4

Describe how social comparison impacts children’s judgement of their own competencies.

Answer 4

•As social comparison information is made salient, there is progressive decline in children’s judgment of their own competencies as they proceed through the primary grades.

Question 5

Complete the Parenting Chart

Answer 5

Question 6

CHILDCARE
FACTORS IN EVALUATION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS

Answer 6

Physical setting

Group size

Caregiver-child ratio

Daily activities

Interactions between adults and children

Teacher qualifications

Relationships with parents

Licensing and accreditation

Question 7

List childcare factors in evaluation of early childhood programs:

Answer 7

• Physical setting
• Group size
• Caregiver-child ratio
• Daily activities
• Interactions between adults and children
• Teacher qualifications
• Relationships with parents
• Licensing and accreditation

Question 8

Piaget Pre-Operational

Answer 8

•Increase in representational activity (symbolic activity)

Question 9

Piaget Pre-Operational:

Mental Representation (4 items)

Answer 9

Sensorimotor play establishes internal images of experiences, which are then labelled with words

Drawing

House

Euplocephalus family

Question 10

Piaget Pre-Operational:

Make-believe play

Answer 10

Sociodramatic play contributes to cognitive and social skills

Question 11

(BLANK ) is a marker of the development of Theory of Mind around 3 years of age.

Answer 11

Deception

Question 12

What caregiver practice slightly influences social cognition?

Answer 12

•asking children to reflect on victim’s feelings

Question 13

Chomsky

Answer 13

Language acquisition device (LAD)

Linguistic nativism

Child must be born with an innate ability to learn language

Question 14

Supporting language development:

Recasts

Answer 14

Repeating inaccurate speech in correct form

Question 15

Supporting language development:

Expansions

Answer 15

Elaborating on children’s speech, increasing its complexity

Question 16

Define “pragmatic language” and describe milestones at ages two and four years.

Answer 16

Social rules and conventions of communication

2-year-olds can have effective conversations

By age 4, adjust to fit age, sex, social status of listener

Difficult situations

• telephone

Question 17

Describe impacts of divorce including rates of adjustment problems in post-separation and divorce families vs married families, and impacts of being raised in single parent families.

Answer 17

• 25% of children in post-separation and divorce families give evidence of adjustment problems vs. 12-15% in married families
• Benefits of two-parent families as opposed to separated, divorced, or never-married single parent families
  * Variability within groups, and differences small
• Single parent families
  * Economic stress
  * Quality of parent-child relationships
  * Children disadvantaged, but average to above-average adjustment as young adults

Question 18

Custody Considerations

Answer 18

Joint custody yielded better adjustment than sole custody (both parents active)

Number of transitions

Question 19

Child Maltreatment:

Interviews

Answer 19

Rapport

Encouragement to correct the interviewer

Opportunity to practice narrative descriptions

Open-ended questions- focused but not suggestive (free recall likely to be most accurate)

Maintaining their attention