Quiz 5 (2/27) Flashcards
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages:
Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
Early Childhood
- develop a greater sense of personal control
- control gained through making preferences in food, clothing, and toys
- success results in confidence and being secure with oneself
- failure results in inadequacy and self-doubt
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages:
Initiative vs Guilt
Pre-School Years
- asserting power through directing play and other social interactions
- success results in a sense of capability and an ability to lead others
- failure results in a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative
Self-concept
The set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is.
Describe how social comparison impacts children’s judgement of their own competencies.
•As social comparison information is made salient, there is progressive decline in children’s judgment of their own competencies as they proceed through the primary grades.
Complete the Parenting Chart
CHILDCARE
FACTORS IN EVALUATION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS
Physical setting
Group size
Caregiver-child ratio
Daily activities
Interactions between adults and children
Teacher qualifications
Relationships with parents
Licensing and accreditation
List childcare factors in evaluation of early childhood programs:
- Physical setting
- Group size
- Caregiver-child ratio
- Daily activities
- Interactions between adults and children
- Teacher qualifications
- Relationships with parents
- Licensing and accreditation
Piaget Pre-Operational
•Increase in representational activity (symbolic activity)
Piaget Pre-Operational:
Mental Representation (4 items)
Sensorimotor play establishes internal images of experiences, which are then labelled with words
Drawing
House
Euplocephalus family
Piaget Pre-Operational:
Make-believe play
Sociodramatic play contributes to cognitive and social skills
(BLANK ) is a marker of the development of Theory of Mind around 3 years of age.
Deception
What caregiver practice slightly influences social cognition?
•asking children to reflect on victim’s feelings
Chomsky
Language acquisition device (LAD)
Linguistic nativism
Child must be born with an innate ability to learn language
Supporting language development:
Recasts
Repeating inaccurate speech in correct form
Supporting language development:
Expansions
Elaborating on children’s speech, increasing its complexity
Define “pragmatic language” and describe milestones at ages two and four years.
Social rules and conventions of communication
2-year-olds can have effective conversations
By age 4, adjust to fit age, sex, social status of listener
Difficult situations
- telephone
Describe impacts of divorce including rates of adjustment problems in post-separation and divorce families vs married families, and impacts of being raised in single parent families.
- 25% of children in post-separation and divorce families give evidence of adjustment problems vs. 12-15% in married families
- Benefits of two-parent families as opposed to separated, divorced, or never-married single parent families
* Variability within groups, and differences small - Single parent families
* Economic stress
* Quality of parent-child relationships
* Children disadvantaged, but average to above-average adjustment as young adults
Custody Considerations
Joint custody yielded better adjustment than sole custody (both parents active)
Number of transitions
Child Maltreatment:
Interviews
Rapport
Encouragement to correct the interviewer
Opportunity to practice narrative descriptions
Open-ended questions- focused but not suggestive (free recall likely to be most accurate)
Maintaining their attention
