Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the Id?
It is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives.
What is the Ego?
The organized part of the personality structure that includes defensive, perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive functions.
What is the Superego?
The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and society - our sense of right and wrong.
Psychoanalytic Perspective
Freud •Conflicts •integration of id, ego, and superego •social expectations- how parents manage their child’s sexual and aggressive drives in first few years •Emphasis on unique life history, early parent-child relationship •Over-emphasis on sexual feelings in development
Erikson: Basic Trust vs Mistrust
Birth - 1 year: Infants must learn to trust others to care for their basic needs. If caregivers are rejecting or inconsistent, the infant may view the world as a dangerous place filled with untrustworthy or unreliable people. The primary caregiver is the key social agent.
Erikson: Autonomy vs Shame and Guilt
1- 3 years: Children must learn to be “autonomous”- to feed and dress themselves, to look after their own hygiene, and so one. Failure to achieve this independence may force the child to doubt his or her own abilities and feel shameful. Parents are the key social agents.
Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6 years: Children attempt to act grown up and will try to accept responsibilities that are beyond their capacity to handle. They sometimes undertake goals or activities that conflict with those of parents and other family members, and these conflicts may make them feel guilty. Successful resolution of this crisis requires a balance: The child must retain a sense of initiative and yet learn not to impinge on the rights, privileges, or goals of others. The family is the key social agent
Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 years: Children must maters important social and academic skills. This period when the child compares him-or herself with peers. If sufficiently industrious, children acquire the social and academic skills to feel self assured. Failure to acquire these important attributes leads to feelings of inferiority. Significant social agents are teachers and peers.
Erikson: Identity vs Role Confusion
12-20 years: This is the crossroad between childhood and maturity. The adolescent grapples with the question “Who am I?” Adolescents must establish basic social and occupational identities, or they will remain confused about the roles they should play as adults. the key social agents is the society of peers.
Erikson: Intimacy vs Isolation
The primary task at this stage is to form strong friendships and to achieve a sense of love and companionship (or a shared identity) with another person. Feelings of loneliness or isolation are likely to result from an inability to form friendships or an intimate relationships. Key social agents are lovers, spouses, and close friends (of both sexes).
Erikson: Generativity vs Stagnation
40-65 years: Adults face the tasks of becoming productive in their work and raising their families or otherwise looking after the needs of young people. These standards of “generativity” are defined by one’s cultural. Those who are unable or unwilling to assume these responsibilities become stagnant and self-centered. Significant social agents are the spouse, children, and cultural norms.
Erikson: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Old Age: The older adult looks back at life, viewing it as either a meaningful, productive, and happy experience or a major disappointment full of unfulfilled promises and unrealized goals. One’s life experiences, particularly social experiences, determine the outcome of this final life crisis.
Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage
use of senses and movement to explore the world
Piaget: Preoperational Thought
preschooler’s symbolic but illogical thinking Piaget noted that children in this stage do not yet understand concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate information, and are unable to take the point of view of other people, which he termed egocentrism. They become really good at understanding symbols.
Piaget: Concrete Operational Thought
More Organized Logical Reasoning
