Quiz 5

Question 1

A method of measuring respondents’ attitudes from 0 to 100 is called a ______.

Answer 1

feeling thermometer

Question 2

A relationship between a causal variable and a dependent variable within one value of another causal variable is known as a ______.

Answer 2

controlled effect

Question 3

A researcher hypothesizes that individuals differ in support for a balanced budget amendment based upon their partisan affiliation. He controls for education level and finds that highly educated Democrats are twenty-seven points less likely to support a balanced budget amendment than highly educated Republicans, but Democrats with lower education are two points more likely to support a balanced budget than Republicans with lower education. What’s going on here?

Answer 3

an interaction between education and partisanship

Question 4

A researcher hypothesizes that individuals differ in their support for free speech based upon partisanship. He controls for gender and finds that women are more supportive than men for both Democrats and Republicans. What’s going on here?

Answer 4

an additive relationship

Question 5

A researcher is examining the effect of partisanship on attitudes about Congress while controlling for gender and finds no relationship between partisanship and attitudes at any value of gender. This means the relationship between partisanship and attitudes toward Congress is ______.

Answer 5

spurious

Question 6

A researcher studies attitudes about involvement in foreign wars based upon individual partisanship while controlling for issue salience. She graphs the results on a line-graph and notices that the lines for salience and partisanship cross each other at a point on the chart. This indicates the presence of a(n) ______ relationship.

Answer 6

interactive

Question 7

A researcher studying support for international institutions finds that Democrats are more likely to support such institutions than are Republicans. When she controls for income, she finds that individuals with higher incomes are about 12 points more supportive of international institutions regardless of party. This is an example of a(n) ______.

Answer 7

additive effect

Question 8

A researcher studying support for international institutions finds that Democrats are more likely to support such institutions than are Republicans. When she controls for income, she finds no difference between Republicans and Democrats on support for international institutions. This is an example of a(n) ______.

Answer 8

spurious effect

Question 9

A(n) ______ summarizes a relationship between two variables after accounting for a rival variable.

Answer 9

partial effect

Question 10

If age and gender together help to explain attitudes regarding welfare policy, it indicates that a(n) ______ is present.

Answer 10

additive relationship

Question 11

If the direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is not constant at all values of the control variable, it means the relationship is______.

Answer 11

interactive

Question 12

If the direction of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable changes at different values of a control variable, it indicates that a(n) ______ is present.

Answer 12

interactive relationship

Question 13

In a study of partisanship and attitudes toward social welfare spending while controlling for gender a researcher finds that women are 15 points more likely than men to support social welfare spending. This is an example of ______.

Answer 13

the partial effect of gender

Question 14

In political research, controlled effects are summarized by a(n) ______ relationship.

Answer 14

partial

Question 15

The rule of direction for nominal relationships helps us identify ______.

Answer 15

interaction relationships

Question 16

To determine the direction of a nominal relationship it is necessary to ______.

Answer 16

subtract the other values from the base category’s value

Question 17

We are able to summarize a partial effect using one number when the relationship is ______.

Answer 17

additive

Question 18

When graphing the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, the independent variable should be on the ______.

Answer 18

horizontal axis

Question 19

When the partial effect must be described separately for each category of a control variable what type of relationship exists?

Answer 19

interactive

Question 20

Which of the following are especially useful for lending clarity and simplicity to controlled comparison relationships?

Answer 20

line charts

Question 21

A controlled comparison design refers to any characteristic that varies across categories of an independent variable

Answer 21

False

Question 22

A controlled cross-tabulation table demonstrates the relationship between one or more in dependent variables and the dependent variable.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

A cross-tabulation analysis may be used with an ordinal independent variable and a nominal dependent variable.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A simple comparison of two variables provides a zero-order relationship.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A zero-order relationship summarized an overall relationship between variables.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

All additive relationships are straightforward and have symmetrical quality

Answer 26

True

Question 27

An outlier is a pretreatment variable that is related to both the treatment and the outcome.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

An overall association between two variables that does not take into consideration other possible differences between the cases being studied is known as a zero-order relationship.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Cross-tabulation analysis may be used only when both variables are measured at the ordinal level.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Determining whether an independent variable is positively or negatively related to a dependent variable is done using the partial relationship or partial effect.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

If there is a clear rival explanation, a controlled comparison design does not work well.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Interaction relationships are protean shape-shifters, assuming a variety of forms.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Matching methods attempt to replicate random assignment in an observational setting.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Rival explanations undermine researchers' ability to evaluate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

When you're analyzing how values of an interval-level variable vary among groups, you use a mean comparison table

Answer 35

True