Quiz 3 Flashcards
A cross-tabulation is interpreted by comparing values across ______.
the same columns of the dependent variable
A relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable that runs in a negative direction is called a(n) ______ relationship.
inverse
A relationship in which the value of the dependent variable changes consistently with a change in the value of the independent variable is referred to as a ______ relationship.
linear
A researcher believes that political attitudes are influenced by education level. What is the dependent variable?
political attitudes
A researcher believes that voter turnout in a state is positively related to the educational achievement of its citizens. If true, the researcher should expect to find that ______.
voter turnout is higher in states with higher educational achievement
A researcher hypothesizes that age, party ID, and ideology are related to vote choice. What is the dependent variable?
vote choice
A researcher hypothesizes that the higher the level of education a citizen has will increase his or her propensity to vote. This is an example of a(n) ______ relationship.
direct
A table that shows the distribution of cases across the values of a dependent variable for cases that have different values on an independent variable is called ______.
cross-tabulation
A(n) ______ is a testable statement about the empirical relationship between cause and effect.
hypothesis
An explanation must be described in such a way that it can be tested with ______.
empirical data
In a cross-tabulation, the categories of the independent variables are typically placed ______.
in the columns
Suppose a researcher hypothesizes that states with higher levels of education will have higher GDP per capita. After conducting the research the results will be displayed in a ______.
mean comparison table
Suppose that as education increases so does the likelihood of political participation. However, the likelihood of participation levels off and begins to fall after one obtains a Master’s degree. What type of relationship is present between education and political participation?
curvilinear
The statement that gender and same-sex marriage attitudes are related is a poor hypothesis because ______.
the tendency of the relationship is not specified
The variable that represents a causal factor in an explanation is the ______.
independent variable
The variable that represents the effect in a causal explanation is called the ______ variable.
dependent
When comparing two categorical variables, it is appropriate to use which of the following methods?
cross-tabulation
When performing a cross-tabulation, the researcher should always calculate the percentages of the categories of the ______.
independent variable
Which of the following is an unacceptable explanation for attitudes regarding same-sex marriage?
An individual’s views on the subject are innate.
Which of the following is/are considered to be the workhorses of explanation in political science?
hypotheses
A good explanation always describes a causal process.
True
A linear relationship between two variables may be either positive or negative.
True
A mean comparison table is a table that shows the mean of a dependent variable for cases that have different values on an independent variable.
True
A politician claiming that lowering tax rates produces higher revenues is a valid hypothesis.
True
A researcher hypothesizes that as income increases the likelihood of voting also increases. The independent variable is income
True
A researcher hypothesizes that income inequality makes civil wars more likely. The dependent variable is inequality.
False
A valid hypothesis must be empirical and testable.
True
A valid hypothesis must clearly state the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable
True
Climate change related to human activity is a valid hypothesis
False
Hypotheses suggest a comparison
True
Older individuals make more money than younger individuals is an acceptable explanation for an observed difference in income between older and younger workers.
False
Ordinal-level independent variables have equal unit differences.
False
Proposing explanations is an “anything goes” activity.
False
The law of diminishing returns is an example of a linear relationship between effort and return on the effort.
False
The second goal of political research is to propose and test explanations for political phenomena.
True
