Quiz 3

Question 1

A cross-tabulation is interpreted by comparing values across ______.

Answer 1

the same columns of the dependent variable

Question 2

A relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable that runs in a negative direction is called a(n) ______ relationship.

Answer 2

inverse

Question 3

A relationship in which the value of the dependent variable changes consistently with a change in the value of the independent variable is referred to as a ______ relationship.

Answer 3

linear

Question 4

A researcher believes that political attitudes are influenced by education level. What is the dependent variable?

Answer 4

political attitudes

Question 5

A researcher believes that voter turnout in a state is positively related to the educational achievement of its citizens. If true, the researcher should expect to find that ______.

Answer 5

voter turnout is higher in states with higher educational achievement

Question 6

A researcher hypothesizes that age, party ID, and ideology are related to vote choice. What is the dependent variable?

Answer 6

vote choice

Question 7

A researcher hypothesizes that the higher the level of education a citizen has will increase his or her propensity to vote. This is an example of a(n) ______ relationship.

Answer 7

direct

Question 8

A table that shows the distribution of cases across the values of a dependent variable for cases that have different values on an independent variable is called ______.

Answer 8

cross-tabulation

Question 9

A(n) ______ is a testable statement about the empirical relationship between cause and effect.

Answer 9

hypothesis

Question 10

An explanation must be described in such a way that it can be tested with ______.

Answer 10

empirical data

Question 11

In a cross-tabulation, the categories of the independent variables are typically placed ______.

Answer 11

in the columns

Question 12

Suppose a researcher hypothesizes that states with higher levels of education will have higher GDP per capita. After conducting the research the results will be displayed in a ______.

Answer 12

mean comparison table

Question 13

Suppose that as education increases so does the likelihood of political participation. However, the likelihood of participation levels off and begins to fall after one obtains a Master’s degree. What type of relationship is present between education and political participation?

Answer 13

curvilinear

Question 14

The statement that gender and same-sex marriage attitudes are related is a poor hypothesis because ______.

Answer 14

the tendency of the relationship is not specified

Question 15

The variable that represents a causal factor in an explanation is the ______.

Answer 15

independent variable

Question 16

The variable that represents the effect in a causal explanation is called the ______ variable.

Answer 16

dependent

Question 17

When comparing two categorical variables, it is appropriate to use which of the following methods?

Answer 17

cross-tabulation

Question 18

When performing a cross-tabulation, the researcher should always calculate the percentages of the categories of the ______.

Answer 18

independent variable

Question 19

Which of the following is an unacceptable explanation for attitudes regarding same-sex marriage?

Answer 19

An individual’s views on the subject are innate.

Question 20

Which of the following is/are considered to be the workhorses of explanation in political science?

Answer 20

hypotheses

Question 21

A good explanation always describes a causal process.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

A linear relationship between two variables may be either positive or negative.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

A mean comparison table is a table that shows the mean of a dependent variable for cases that have different values on an independent variable.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

A politician claiming that lowering tax rates produces higher revenues is a valid hypothesis.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A researcher hypothesizes that as income increases the likelihood of voting also increases. The independent variable is income

Answer 25

True

Question 26

A researcher hypothesizes that income inequality makes civil wars more likely. The dependent variable is inequality.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

A valid hypothesis must be empirical and testable.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

A valid hypothesis must clearly state the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Climate change related to human activity is a valid hypothesis

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Hypotheses suggest a comparison

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Older individuals make more money than younger individuals is an acceptable explanation for an observed difference in income between older and younger workers.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Ordinal-level independent variables have equal unit differences.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Proposing explanations is an “anything goes” activity.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

The law of diminishing returns is an example of a linear relationship between effort and return on the effort.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

The second goal of political research is to propose and test explanations for political phenomena.

Answer 35

True