Quiz 4 Flashcards
______ means that the results of a study can be generalized.
External validity
______ means that, within the conditions created artificially by the researcher, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is isolated from other plausible explanations.
Internal validity
A ______ experiment is one that occurs in the subject’s normal surroundings.
field
A ______ is composed of subjects who receive a treatment that the researcher believes is causally linked to the dependent variable.
test group
A characteristic upon which subjects in a study have variable values is known as a ______.
compositional difference
A researcher is studying the formation of political attitudes in a group of individuals. Some of the individuals are exposed to several fake news stories to determine if the stories affect their attitudes while others are not. The exposed individuals are called the ______.
test group
A researcher is studying the social habits of 100 male college students. She divides the subjects into two groups with each individual having the same likelihood of being in either group. This is called ______.
random assignment
A researcher studying individual attitudes divides participants into two groups and has them watch news reports in a home theater setting created in a college classroom. This is an example of a(n) ______.
laboratory experiment
A researcher studying the attitudes of college students on social norms posts a survey on her webpage. After receiving 150 responses she closes the survey and analyzes the results by comparing the results against those of a survey conducted in the campus library. What error has the researcher likely committed?
selection bias
A researcher who fails to account for gender when researching the effect of partisanship on political attitudes has missed a potential ______.
rival explanation
Field experiments often lack ______ because it is sometimes difficult to ensure that all members of the test group are exposed to the treatment.
internal validity
In a political research experiment, the group that is not exposed to a treatment is referred to as the ______.
control group
In any type of experiment it is essential that participants be ______ to ensure the absence of systematic bias.
randomized
In which phase do the two groups, control and test, receive different values of the independent variable?
intervention phase
To conduct a ______, the organization would divide the population into two or more strata.
stratified random sample
When conducting political research, it is important that individuals in the two experimental groups are ______ in every way that could affect the dependent variable.
identical
Which of the following occurs when every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample?
random selection
Which of the following occurs when every prospective has an equal chance of ending up in the control group or the test group?
random assignment
Which of the following occurs when some cases in the sample are more likely than others to be measured?
response bias
Which of the following refers to the population that the researchers wants to analyze and the source from which the samples are drawn?
sampling frame
A control group is composed of subjects who receive a treatment that the researcher believes is causally linked to the independent variable.
False
A researcher studying the effectiveness of Get-Out-The-Vote (GOTV) methods in a community is likely conducting a field experiment.
True
A researcher wishes to test the effect of media consumption on the political attitudes of 100 college students. To ensure the validity of her research she must account for rival explanations of the students’ political attitudes.
True
All political science research should be conducted in an ethical and responsible manner.
True
Experimental approaches represent the gold standard in research procedure.
True
Experimental designs do not control for the possible effects of all rival explanations.
False
Field experiments are not known for overcoming the limitations of the laboratory environment.
False
Measuring the dependent variable for both groups is referred to as the premeasurement phase.
True
Our ability to rule out worrisome alternative explanations depends upon the power of our research design.
True
Pretreatment measurements allow the researcher to make a before and after comparison.
True
The causal effect of an independent variable is the difference between two potential outcomes.
True
The fundamental purpose of research design is to allow the research to study causal effects of independent variables.
True
The more varied the values of the explanatory variable, the better.
True
The terms random sampling and random assignment can be used interchangeably.
False
When the results of a laboratory experiment cannot be generalized to the outside world the study is said to lack external validity.
True
