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2024 - Élo - Qbank > Quiz 45 > Flashcards

Quiz 45 Flashcards

1
Q

What degenerates in the brain in Huntington Disease?

A

Caudate degenerates

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2
Q

What is the most common renal malignancy in children?

A

Wilms tumor

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3
Q

Does a Wilms tumor cross the midline? What can a Wilms tumor be contrasted with?

A

No a Wilms tumor does not cross the midline. It can be contrasted with a neuroblastoma which does cross the midline.

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4
Q

What is fundic (type A) chronic gastritis?

A

Pernicious anemia - autoimmune against parietal cells

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5
Q

Blowing pansystolic murmur:

A

Tricuspid regurgitation (radiates to right side of heart) and mitral regurgitation (radiates to left side of heart)

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6
Q

Midsystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur:

A

aortic stenosis (right sternal border) and pulmonic stenosis (left sternal border)

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7
Q

What is the most common initial presentation of neurocysticercosis?

A

Seizures

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8
Q

What causes cysticercosis?

A

Taenia solium

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9
Q

The mesencephalon develops what part of the ventricle system?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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10
Q

What are key markers for metastatic melanoma?

A

S-100 and HMB-45

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11
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is serum sickness?

A

Type III HSR

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12
Q

What cell surface markers are expressed in follicular lymphoma?

A

CD10, CD19, CD20

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13
Q

What translocation takes place in follicular lymphoma?

A

14;18 translocation = bcl-2 activation

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14
Q

What is seen on CT if middle meningeal artery is torn?

A

Epidural hematoma

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15
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of?

A

The maxillary artery

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16
Q

How does the maxillary artery enter the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen spinosum

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17
Q

What is the inheritance pattern for Friedreich ataxia?

A

Autosomal recessive

18
Q

What mutation is responsible for Friedreich ataxia?

A

Expanded trinucleotide GAA repeat decreasing frataxin expression

19
Q

What DNA repair mechanism is defective in patients with ataxia telangiectasia?

A

Double strand break

20
Q

What causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

Measles (robeola)

21
Q

Where should an intercostal nerve block be injected?

A

Just below the rib and lateral to the angle of the rib to be anesthetized

22
Q

What diseases are target cells seen in?

A

Thalassemia, hemoglobin C disease, asplenia, and liver disease

23
Q

What is confounding bias?

A

Unanticipated factors obscure a relationship or make it seem like there is one when there is not.

24
Q

What is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis?

A

Group B streptococci - S. agalactiae

25
Q

An organism that is catalase neg, coagulase neg, beta hemolytic and bacitracin resistant?

A

S. Agalactiae

26
Q

Organism that is catalase negative, coagulase negative, beta hemolytic and bacitracin sensitive, PYR +

A

S. Pyogenes

27
Q

What is seen in an aspiration of osteoarthritis?

A

Clear fluid with high protein content and absence of inflammatory cells.

28
Q

What cells are seen on peripheral smear of CML?

A

Neutrophils, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, basophils

29
Q

What translocation is seen in CML?

A

9;22 - Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL)

30
Q

Multiple ring enhancing lesions in patient with AIDs

A

Toxoplasmosis

31
Q

How is toxoplasmosis transmitted?

A

Ingestion of cysts from undercooked meat.

32
Q

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to what terminal branches?

A

Radial and axial branches

33
Q

What causes epiglottitis in an unvaccinated patient?

A

H. Influenzae type B

34
Q

What is heard on respiratory exam in patients with epiglottitis?

A

Inspiratory stridor

35
Q

Most common cause of epiglottitis in patient up to date on vaccinations?

A

S. Pneumoniae

36
Q

What is H. Influenzae?

A

Gram negative rod

37
Q

What is seen on Xray of a patient with epiglottitis?

A

Thumb sign

38
Q

When does one see the steeple sign?

A

Croup (laryngotracheitis)

39
Q

What is type B gastritis?

A

Chronic antral gastritis, associated with H. Pylori infection

40
Q

What are characteristic findings of acute gastritis on biopsy?

A

Patches of erythematous mucosa, sometimes with petechiae and/or ulceration.

41
Q

Annular pancreas results from what embryonic dysfunction?

A

Malrotation of the ventral pancreatic bud that rotates around both the right and left sides of the second part of the duodenum, resulting in duodenal stenosis.

2024 - Élo - Qbank (33 decks)

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