Quiz 4: Polyphonic mass - Italian Madrigal Flashcards
What is a polyphonic mass?
A genre of music in the Renaissance which consists of polyphonic settings of the mass ordinaries
All separate mass movements are unified by a common feature
What are the mass ordinaries
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
What genres is Ockeghem known for composing?
Chansons, polyphonic masses, and motets
Who came before Ockeghem?
Guillaume Dufay and Binchois
What is “free mass”
Masses that do not use any pre-existing musical material, composed of entirely new music
What is Missa Prolationum?
A very complicated contrapuntal free mass written by ockeghem
What is a canon?
A rubric or rule that tells you how to do something in a score - usually how to derive other parts from notated part.
what is a double canon?
a canon with two different notated parts from which two other parts are derived
What is a mensuration canon (also called prolation canon)
A canon where a single part must be read simultaneously in different mensurations.
A music composition where the main melody is accompanied by one or more imitation of that melody in other voices
There are four voices in the mass: superius, altus, tenor, bassus. Which two are notated?
Superius and tenor
Since there are two notated voices in the mass but four overall, what are the other two un-notated voices and how are they… in existence
They are the Altus and the Bassus, and they are DERIVED from the notated voice.
Altus from the superius and bassus from the tenor
What is the modern time signature equivalent of perfect time, major prolation
9/8
What is the modern time signature equivalent of Perfect time, minor Prolation
3/4
What is the modern time signature equivalent of imperfect time, major prolation
6/8
What is the modern time signature equivalent of Imperfect time, minor prolation
2/4
what is pervading imitation?
Where all voices are involved in repeating the same melodic material, and many or all of the phrases in the work begin with imitation
What is the subject
The repeated material used in the points of imitation
point of imitation
a section (subject) that you repeat in the other voices - they begin to trade it back and forth and develop it. Eventually comes to a cadence and that point of imitation is finished
Paraphrase mass
musical setting of the mass ordinary that uses an elaborated version of the cantus firmus as its basis
What is an imitation mass
a mass that bases each movement on all the voices of the model as a basic framework for each movement off the mass
can be based on chant or polyphonic chanson
what are the three main features of Palestrinas music
Careful control of dissonance, absolute balance in melodic motion, and reserve in text expression.
What is the Palestrina motet Veni sponsa Christi based on?
A gregorian antiphon of the same name
how is Veni sponsa christi formulated… hint: paraphrase mass…
The four phrases of the original antiphon are used for making four subjects for four different points of imitation in the motet
What was the reformation?
The split in the Roman Catholic Church over disputes in doctrine and the desire to REFORM certain church practices
who was the initial leader of the reformation
Martin Luther
What new church came from the Reformation
the Protestant church
what was the counter reformation?
the roman catholic churches reaction to the initial reformation - where they held the council of trent to reform their own church
What did they discuss at the council of Trent about music (what changes were implemented)
Move back to clear text declamation, no elaborate polyphony (so as to clear the text), and completely remove secular elements
who is ottaviano petrucci
early Italian publisher of music
What was new about the renaissance motet in contrast to the ars nova motet?
No layering, all voices similar in rhythmic makeup and speed; same text for all voices; imitation in all voices; 3rds and 6ths as prevalent sonorities
Who is Orlando de Lassus
contemporary of palestrina, deeply expressive, many polyphonic masses
Is the Italian madrigal international or national style
National - Italian. But grew out of franco-flemish polyphony
General characteristics of italian madrigal
4 voices vocal secular chamber music, through composed with one stanza of text, text expression most important, alternates between homophony and points of imitation
what is Frottola
Strophic, light entertainment songs for those of the court
what is lauda
Religious songs of Italian confraternities
Who led the petrarchan movement
Pietro Bembo
what did bembo notice of petrarchs poetry
Piacevolezza - pleasingness
Gravita - severity
what is Prima Practica
Music of Ockeghem-Willaert
“harmony is the mistress of the words”
what is seconda practica
More modern music including monteverdi
“words are the mistress of the harmony”
