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Music History 3090: Medieval to Early Baroque > Quiz 1: Gregorian Chant- development of notation > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Gregorian Chant- development of notation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Carolingian renaissance? (what centuries, what values, what it created, who)

A

8-9th centuries
Renewed interest in Ancient roman values and learning
flourishing of arts and writing
Birth of Gregorian chant
During the rule of Charlamange, Louis the Pious

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2
Q

What dynasty came before the Carolingians (what king, what significance)

A

Merovingians with the first great king - Clovis 1 who converted to Roman Catholicism

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3
Q

What is Gregorian chant?

A

Repertory of Ecclesiastical chant in the Roman Catholic Church

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4
Q

Characteristics of Gregorian Chant

A

Monophonic, non-rhythmic, based on the 8 church modes

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5
Q

What pope helped birth Gregorian chant into the Carolingian Dynasty

A

Pope Stephen II

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6
Q

What is gregorian chant a mix of

A

Roman chant and Gallican chant

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7
Q

What is the Modal system

A

a non-harmonic system with eight different scales based on scale degree

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8
Q

What are determining factors of a mode

A

final (what note does it end on)
Range (above or around the final)
reciting tone - pitch other than the final that is emphasized

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9
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Dorian mode

A

Final- D
Reciting tone- A
Range: above final

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10
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Hypodorian mode

A

Final - D
Reciting tone - F
Range - around the final

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11
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Phrygian mode

A

Final - E
Reciting tone - C
Range - Above final

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12
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Hypophrygian

A

Final - E
Reciting tone - A
Range - around final

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13
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Lydian

A

Final - F
Reciting tone
Range - Above final

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14
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Hypolydian

A

Final- F
Reciting Tone - A
Range - around final

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15
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the mixolydian

A

Final - G
Reciting tone - D
Range - above final

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16
Q

What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the hypomixolydian

A

Final - G
Reciting tone - C
Range- around final

17
Q

What services is gregorian chant sung in roman catholic church

A

Mass and Office

18
Q

What is the Roman Catholic mass

A

most important service of the Church, commemorates the last supper

19
Q

what is the roman catholic office

A

8 prayer services during the day from before sunrise to after sunset, they sing through all 150 psalms each day

20
Q

What are the two main parts of the mass

A

Liturgy of the Mass, liturgy of the Eucharist

21
Q

what is the proper of the mass

A

texts of the mass that are assigned to certain day in the church calendar - Easter, Christmas, feast days

22
Q

what is Ordinary of the mass

A

Texts of the mass that remain the same on all days of the church - the tunes may change

23
Q

What are the sung movements of the Mass ordinary

A

Kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei, dismissal

24
Q

What is syllabic text setting

A

one note per syllable - the text must be clearly understood

25
Q

what is neumatic text setting

A

2-6 notes per syllable - more florid and weighty chants

26
Q

What is melismatic text setting

A

6 or more notes per syllable - most musical moments of the service, divine joy and wonder expressed

27
Q

What is antiphonal performance

A

Alternating choirs or parts of a choir singing the chant

28
Q

what is responsorial performance

A

soloist or group of soloists alternate with full choir

29
Q

what is direct performance

A

Choir or soloist sings through the chant completely, no alternation

30
Q

what is a psalm tone

A

a formula for chanting a psalm - 2 parts
opening and closing antiphon (neumatic), and the psalm tone (syllabic)

31
Q

anatomy of a psalm tone - 5 parts

A

1- intonation: opening melodic formula on the first word
2- Recitation tone - repeated note for reciting the text of the verse
3- Mediant; middle cadence formula
4- recitation tone - after middle cadence
5- Termination: final cadential formula for the psalm verse

32
Q

what are the two most important additions to the body of Gregorian chant

A

Trope and sequence

33
Q

what is a trope

A

an addition to an existing chant

34
Q

what are the three ways of troping

A

add words and music, add a melisma, add words only which are set to an existing melisma or other melody

35
Q

What is a trope called at the beginning of a chant versus inbetween sections of the chant

A

introductory and intercalated

36
Q

what is the sequence

A

Chants added to the mass right after the alleluia

37
Q

what are the three stages of development of notation the the early ages

A

1) staffless neumes
2) heighted neumes
3) 4 line staff (guidonian notation)

38
Q

Who is Hildegard von Bingen

A

Abbess and mystic of Rupertsberg

Music History 3090: Medieval to Early Baroque (10 decks)

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