Quiz 1: Gregorian Chant- development of notation Flashcards
What is the Carolingian renaissance? (what centuries, what values, what it created, who)
8-9th centuries
Renewed interest in Ancient roman values and learning
flourishing of arts and writing
Birth of Gregorian chant
During the rule of Charlamange, Louis the Pious
What dynasty came before the Carolingians (what king, what significance)
Merovingians with the first great king - Clovis 1 who converted to Roman Catholicism
What is Gregorian chant?
Repertory of Ecclesiastical chant in the Roman Catholic Church
Characteristics of Gregorian Chant
Monophonic, non-rhythmic, based on the 8 church modes
What pope helped birth Gregorian chant into the Carolingian Dynasty
Pope Stephen II
What is gregorian chant a mix of
Roman chant and Gallican chant
What is the Modal system
a non-harmonic system with eight different scales based on scale degree
What are determining factors of a mode
final (what note does it end on)
Range (above or around the final)
reciting tone - pitch other than the final that is emphasized
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Dorian mode
Final- D
Reciting tone- A
Range: above final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Hypodorian mode
Final - D
Reciting tone - F
Range - around the final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Phrygian mode
Final - E
Reciting tone - C
Range - Above final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Hypophrygian
Final - E
Reciting tone - A
Range - around final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Lydian
Final - F
Reciting tone
Range - Above final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the Hypolydian
Final- F
Reciting Tone - A
Range - around final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the mixolydian
Final - G
Reciting tone - D
Range - above final
What is the final, reciting tone, and range of the hypomixolydian
Final - G
Reciting tone - C
Range- around final
What services is gregorian chant sung in roman catholic church
Mass and Office
What is the Roman Catholic mass
most important service of the Church, commemorates the last supper
what is the roman catholic office
8 prayer services during the day from before sunrise to after sunset, they sing through all 150 psalms each day
What are the two main parts of the mass
Liturgy of the Mass, liturgy of the Eucharist
what is the proper of the mass
texts of the mass that are assigned to certain day in the church calendar - Easter, Christmas, feast days
what is Ordinary of the mass
Texts of the mass that remain the same on all days of the church - the tunes may change
What are the sung movements of the Mass ordinary
Kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei, dismissal
What is syllabic text setting
one note per syllable - the text must be clearly understood
what is neumatic text setting
2-6 notes per syllable - more florid and weighty chants
What is melismatic text setting
6 or more notes per syllable - most musical moments of the service, divine joy and wonder expressed
What is antiphonal performance
Alternating choirs or parts of a choir singing the chant
what is responsorial performance
soloist or group of soloists alternate with full choir
what is direct performance
Choir or soloist sings through the chant completely, no alternation
what is a psalm tone
a formula for chanting a psalm - 2 parts
opening and closing antiphon (neumatic), and the psalm tone (syllabic)
anatomy of a psalm tone - 5 parts
1- intonation: opening melodic formula on the first word
2- Recitation tone - repeated note for reciting the text of the verse
3- Mediant; middle cadence formula
4- recitation tone - after middle cadence
5- Termination: final cadential formula for the psalm verse
what are the two most important additions to the body of Gregorian chant
Trope and sequence
what is a trope
an addition to an existing chant
what are the three ways of troping
add words and music, add a melisma, add words only which are set to an existing melisma or other melody
What is a trope called at the beginning of a chant versus inbetween sections of the chant
introductory and intercalated
what is the sequence
Chants added to the mass right after the alleluia
what are the three stages of development of notation the the early ages
1) staffless neumes
2) heighted neumes
3) 4 line staff (guidonian notation)
Who is Hildegard von Bingen
Abbess and mystic of Rupertsberg
