Birth of Italian Opera Flashcards

1
Q

what are the years the Baroque era encompasses?

A

1600-1750

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2
Q

what does baroque mean

A

Highly ornate or extravagant in style, associated with theatricality

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3
Q

what is basso continuo

A

bass line played by a bass instrument (cello, viola da gamba) and a harmonic instrument (harpsichord, organ, lute) that fills in the harmonies

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4
Q

the baroque era begins a differentiation between vocal (?) and instrumental (?) music. what words fill in the “?”

A

cantata and sonata

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5
Q

what are 6 new genres birthed in the baroque era

A

opera, cantata, oratorio, sonata, concerto, and dance suite.

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6
Q

the baroque era saw the invention of opera, what are the two types of opera

A

court opera and commercial opera

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7
Q

what is court opera

A

opera that originated in the courts of dukes and princes - aristocracy was the main audience and therefore it maintained aristocratic ideals.

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8
Q

what is commercial opera

A

a more public type of opera that emerged in 1637 in Venice. attracted upper middle class and aristocracy

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9
Q

what cities and courts were the most prominent in the development of the opera

A

Florence with the court of the Medici, and then Mantua with the court of the Gonzagas

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10
Q

what two operas did Peri and Rinuccini turn out as the very beginning of opera

A

La dafne and L’Euridice

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11
Q

what is the name of the famous opera and composer that was released from The court of the Gonzagas soon after the medicis released their first opera

A

Called L’Orfeo, music by Monteverdi, libretto by striggio

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12
Q

what is the name of the group of intellectuals, humanists, artists, and musicians who met to discuss the arts

A

Camerata of giovanni Bardi

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13
Q

what is monody

A

a way of setting speech that it captures the natural accents and shifting emotions for singer and basso continuo.

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14
Q

what does monody become in opera

A

recitative

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15
Q

what are the three types of music found in early operas

A

Recitative, arias, and choruses

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16
Q

general characteristics of early court opera

A

has a prologue and 5 acts
based on greek mythology
poet and composer work closely together and reflect the ideals of the duke they are employed under.

17
Q

what is the strophic aria from L’Orfeo called

A

Vi Rocorda o Boschi ombrosi

18
Q

what year and location did commercial opera begin

A

1637 in Venice during Carnival season

19
Q

who were the main audience members of commercial opera

A

patricians and citizens and foreigners visiting for the carnival season

20
Q

what are some characteristics of venetian commercial opera

A

amazing singers and stage machinery, complex plots involving a set of lovers, slapstick scenes, incantation scenes, small orchestra, famous singer to draw in the crowd

21
Q

what are the three genres of music in commercial opera

A

recitative, aria, and arioso (mix between aria and recitative)

22
Q

what is Monteverdi’s most important and successful opera

A

Coronation of Poppea

23
Q

who is francesco cavalli

A

most important venetian opera and religious composer after monteverdi

24
Q

what is francesco cavallis most popular opera

A

Il giasone