Birth of Italian Opera Flashcards
what are the years the Baroque era encompasses?
1600-1750
what does baroque mean
Highly ornate or extravagant in style, associated with theatricality
what is basso continuo
bass line played by a bass instrument (cello, viola da gamba) and a harmonic instrument (harpsichord, organ, lute) that fills in the harmonies
the baroque era begins a differentiation between vocal (?) and instrumental (?) music. what words fill in the “?”
cantata and sonata
what are 6 new genres birthed in the baroque era
opera, cantata, oratorio, sonata, concerto, and dance suite.
the baroque era saw the invention of opera, what are the two types of opera
court opera and commercial opera
what is court opera
opera that originated in the courts of dukes and princes - aristocracy was the main audience and therefore it maintained aristocratic ideals.
what is commercial opera
a more public type of opera that emerged in 1637 in Venice. attracted upper middle class and aristocracy
what cities and courts were the most prominent in the development of the opera
Florence with the court of the Medici, and then Mantua with the court of the Gonzagas
what two operas did Peri and Rinuccini turn out as the very beginning of opera
La dafne and L’Euridice
what is the name of the famous opera and composer that was released from The court of the Gonzagas soon after the medicis released their first opera
Called L’Orfeo, music by Monteverdi, libretto by striggio
what is the name of the group of intellectuals, humanists, artists, and musicians who met to discuss the arts
Camerata of giovanni Bardi
what is monody
a way of setting speech that it captures the natural accents and shifting emotions for singer and basso continuo.
what does monody become in opera
recitative
what are the three types of music found in early operas
Recitative, arias, and choruses
general characteristics of early court opera
has a prologue and 5 acts
based on greek mythology
poet and composer work closely together and reflect the ideals of the duke they are employed under.
what is the strophic aria from L’Orfeo called
Vi Rocorda o Boschi ombrosi
what year and location did commercial opera begin
1637 in Venice during Carnival season
who were the main audience members of commercial opera
patricians and citizens and foreigners visiting for the carnival season
what are some characteristics of venetian commercial opera
amazing singers and stage machinery, complex plots involving a set of lovers, slapstick scenes, incantation scenes, small orchestra, famous singer to draw in the crowd
what are the three genres of music in commercial opera
recitative, aria, and arioso (mix between aria and recitative)
what is Monteverdi’s most important and successful opera
Coronation of Poppea
who is francesco cavalli
most important venetian opera and religious composer after monteverdi
what is francesco cavallis most popular opera
Il giasone
