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Chem 110 > Quiz 4 Material > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Material Flashcards

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1
Q

Solutions

A

Homogenous mixtures of two or more substances

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2
Q

Solutions consist of

A

A solvent and one or more solutes

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3
Q

The solute is present in a _____ amount

A

lesser

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4
Q

The solvent is present in a ____ amount

A

larger

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5
Q

Aqueous solution

A

water as the solvent (aq)

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6
Q

Nature of solutes

A

spread evenly throughout solution
cannot be separated by filtration
CAN be separated by evaporation
not visible, but can give the solution color

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7
Q

Solubility

A

maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent

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8
Q

Unsaturated solutions

A

contain LESS than the maximum amount of solute
can dissolve more solute

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9
Q

Saturated solutions

A

contain the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve
some undissolved solute at the bottom of the container

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10
Q

Molarity

A

gives the moles of solute in 1L solution

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11
Q

In a dilution…..

A

water is added
volume increases
concentration of solute decreases

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12
Q

In the initial and diluted solution….

A

the moles and solute are the same
the concentrations and volumes are related by M1V1=M2V2

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13
Q

Dilution equation

A

M1V1=M2V2

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14
Q

covalent formation of a solution

A

dissolved molecules remain intact as a molecule

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15
Q

ionic formation of a solution

A

dissolved ions separate

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16
Q

decomposition reaction

A

reactant splits into 2+ products

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17
Q

combination reaction

A

2+ reactants combine into a single product

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18
Q

single replacement reaction

A

one element replaces another element

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19
Q

double replacement reaction

A

two elements replace each other

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20
Q

in a balanced chemical reaction….

A

atoms are not lost or gained; atoms are equal on both sides

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21
Q

hints for balancing chemical equations?

A

start with most complicated chemical
keep polyatomic ions together as a unit
change coefficients, NOT subscripts

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22
Q

when solutions of salts are mixed, a solid forms IF ______

A

ions of an insoluble salt are present

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23
Q

Group IA metal cations & ammonium are

A

soluble

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24
Q

Ionic compounds that contain _______ are soluble

A

NO3, ClO3, ClO4, C2H3O2, and HCO3

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25
Q

Ionic compounds that contain SO4 are soluble except ______

A

when combined with Ag, Hg, Pb, Ca, Sr, or Ba

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26
Q

Most ionic compounds that contain OH, O, CO3, PO4, CrO4, or S are _______

A

insoluble except when combined with group IA metal cations or NH4

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27
Q

Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, and Sr(OH)2 are ____

A

soluble

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28
Q

full equation

A

shows the formulas of the compounds

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29
Q

ionic equation

A

shows the ions of the compounds

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30
Q

net ionic equation

A

shows only the ions that form a solid

31
Q

when solutions of salts are mixed, a ______

A

solid forms if ions of insoluble salt are present

32
Q

arrhenius acid

A

produces hydronium in water

33
Q

bases

A

produce OH ions in water

34
Q

bases with OH- ions are named as the ____

A

hydroxide of the metal in the formula

35
Q

NaOH

A

sodium hydroxide

36
Q

KOH

A

potassium hydroxide

37
Q

Ba(OH)2

A

barium hydroxide

38
Q

Al(OH)3

A

aluminum hydroxide

39
Q

Fe(OH)3

A

iron (III) hydroxide

40
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

41
Q

acids ____ a proton

A

donate

42
Q

bases ______ a proton

A

accept

43
Q

the seven strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3

44
Q

most common strong bases?

A

NaOH & KOH

45
Q

strong bases _____ in water

A

dissociate completely

46
Q

most common weak base?

A

NH3

47
Q

weak bases _____ in water

A

dissociate only slightly

48
Q

strong electrolytes _____ in water

A

dissociate 100%

49
Q

strong electrolytes in equations show the formation of ions in _____

A

aqueous (aq) solutions

50
Q

strong electrolytes include

A

strong acids, strong bases, and soluble ionic compounds

51
Q

weak electrolytes ____ in water

A

dissociate only slightly

52
Q

weak electrolytes are

A

weak acids and weak bases

53
Q

nonelectrolytes ____ in water

A

dissolve as molecules

54
Q

nonelectrolytes are

A

soluble molecular compounds

55
Q

neutralization

A

reaction of an acid and a base

56
Q

in the equations for neutralization, an _____

A

acid and a base produce a salt and water

57
Q

redux-oxidation (redox) reaction

A

transfers electrons from one reactant to another

58
Q

oxidation is a _____

A

loss of electrons

59
Q

reduction is a ____

A

gain of electrons

60
Q

the oxidation numbers of all atoms must ____

A

sum to the overall charge on the species

61
Q

elements in molecules consisting of just that element have the oxidation number

A

zero

62
Q

monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to the

A

ion charge

63
Q

group IA metals are assigned an oxidation number of

A

+1

64
Q

group IIA metals are assigned an oxidation number of

A

+2

65
Q

group IIIA metals are assigned an oxidation number of

A

+3

66
Q

fluorine is assigned the number

A

-1

67
Q

hydrogen is assigned the number

A

+1

68
Q

oxygen is assigned the number

A

-2

69
Q

if there is a conflict between two rules, ______

A

only apply the rule with the lower oxidation number

70
Q

in binary ionic compounds with metals, the nonmetals have _____

A

oxidation numbers equal to the charges on their atoms

71
Q

oxidizing agent

A

reagent that oxidizes something else and is itself REDUCED

72
Q

reducing agent

A

reagent that reduces something else and is itself OXIDIZED

73
Q

precipitation reaction

A

forms an insoluble solid and an aqueous solution

Chem 110 (9 decks)

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