Quiz 4 Key Terms

Question 1

Barefield v. Leach (1974)

Answer 1

a federal court case that held states could not justify disparities in the programs for female inmates based on a smaller female incarceration population and the costs of program delivery

Question 2

Glover v. Johnson (1979)

Answer 2

held that the state must provide the same opportunities for education, rehab, and vocational training for female offenders as provided for male offenders

Question 3

Cooper v. Morin (1980)

Answer 3

decision that held that the equal protection clause prevents prison administrators from justifying the disparate treatment of women on the grounds that providing such services for women is inconvenient

Question 4

Canterino v. Wilson

Answer 4

case that held male and female inmates must be treated equally unless there is a substantial reason that requires distinction to be made

Question 5

gender-responsive programming

Answer 5

creates parity in offender programming and is designed to meet the unique needs of women; generally involves consideration of six key principles: gender, environment, relationships, services & supervision, socioeconomic status, and community

Question 6

reentry

Answer 6

the transition from an incarcerated setting to the community; usually involves meetings with parole officers who provide referrals to receive treatment; unsuccessful reentry often leads to recidivism

Question 7

wraparound services

Answer 7

holistic and culturally sensitive plans for each woman that draw on a coordinated range of services within her community, such as public & mental health systems, addiction recovery, welfare, emergency shelter organizations, and educational & vocational services

Question 8

probation

Answer 8

a form of community based supervision that imposes restrictions and regulations on offenders but allows for them to serve their sentence in the community compared to in jail or in prison

Question 9

parole

Answer 9

(1.) a form of post-incarceration supervision of offenders in the community; (2.) a method of releasing offenders from prison prior to the conclusion of their sentence

Question 10

Welfare Reform Act of 1996

Answer 10

section 115 of this Act bans women with a felony drug conviction from collecting welfare benefits and food stamps

Question 11

custodial institutions

Answer 11

similar to male institutions, women are warehoused and little programming or treatment is offered to the inmates

Question 12

reformatory

Answer 12

a new concept that saw incarceration as an institution designed with the intent to rehabilitate women from their immoral ways

Question 13

incarcerated mothers

Answer 13

mothers who are imprisoned, which has a significant effect on their children; the geographical location of the prison and length of sentence determine whether mothers can have ties with their children; in many cases, the children are either cared for by family members or are placed in foster care

Question 14

gendered assignments

Answer 14

job duties that were usually assigned to officers based on their gender; female officers were more inclined to receive social service positions rather than patrol and crime-fighting positions

Question 15

Civil Rights Bill of 1964

Answer 15

the landmark civil rights law that focused on eliminating racial discrimination; however, the word ‘sex’ was added to the bill, prohibiting the use of sex as a requirement for hiring

Question 16

masculine culture

Answer 16

AKA=the male dominated police culture; while attempting to gain acceptance into this culture, females are often disrespected and harassed by their male counterparts

Question 17

community policing

Answer 17

a policing strategy that is based on the idea that the community is extremely important in achieving shared goals; it emphasizes community support from its members, which can help reduce crime and fear

Question 18

Griffin v. Michigan Department of Corrections (1982)

Answer 18

held that inmates do not possess any rights to be protected against being viewed in stages of undress or naked by a correctional officer, regardless of gender

Question 19

Grummett v. Rushen (1985)

Answer 19

held that pat down search of a male inmate, including the groin area, does not violate one’s fourth amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure

Question 20

Jordan v. Gardner (1992)

Answer 20

held that pat down policy designed to control the introduction of contraband into the facility could be viewed as unconstitutional if conducted by males staff members against female inmates

Question 21

good ol’boy network

Answer 21

a social network of people who provide access and grant favors to each other; usually made up of elite white males, and they tend to exclude other members of the community

Question 22

male inmate preference

Answer 22

women inmates are perceived as more demanding, defiant, and harder to work with, so male and female officers would rather work with male inmates

Question 23

work-family balance

Answer 23

a term used to describe the prioritization of family life (marriage, children, and lifestyle) within the demands of the work place

Question 24

glass ceiling

Answer 24

a term used to describe the invisible barriers that limit the ability of women and minorities from achieving high rank opportunities in the work place

Question 25

victim advocates

Answer 25

trained professionals who support victims of crimes; can provide emotional support, knowledge about the legal process and the rights of crime victims, and provide information and resources for services and assistance

Question 26

burnout

Answer 26

the feeling of being under high levels of emotional and physical duress; this feeling is often categorized into three stages: (1) emotional exhaustion due to stress; (2) depersonalization; (3) reduced personal accomplishment

Question 27

secondary trauma stress (STS)

Answer 27

high levels of stress that result from the need and/or desire to help a victim; victim advocates are often affected by this type of stress