Quiz 4: Endocrine, Microbiology, Nervous, Lymphatic, Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

True or false:

The posterior pituitary produces oxytocin and ADH?

A

False - it releases (**not produces)

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2
Q
2.	Erythropoietin is released by:
Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland 
Kidney
Liver
A

Kidney

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3
Q
3.	What hormone is stimulated by HCG and oestrogen
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Thyroid
A

Thyroid

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4
Q
  1. Where are corticosteroids released from
    Adrenal medulla
    Adrenal cortex
A

Adrenal cortex

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5
Q
5.	Which hormone can increase blood pressure in pregnancy
Aldosterone
Renin
Cortisol
Angiotensin II
A

Cortisol

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6
Q
6.	Which of the following are hormones NOT made of:
Lipids
Protein
Amino acid
Steroid
A

Lipids

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7
Q

Oestrogen may cause the women some unpleasant symptoms including Select one:

a. Nasal stuffiness.
b. Hypersecretion of mucus.
c. Increase in the occurrence of epistaxis.
d. All of the above.

A

All of the above

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8
Q

What the difference between exocrine and endocrine?

A

Exocrine secrete into ducts and channels and do not circulate throughout the body (eg. liver)
Endocrines secretes directly into the bloodstream and do circulate around the body

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9
Q

Which hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

Oxytocin and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

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10
Q

which hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

A
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ( ACTH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH) 
Prolactin (PRL)
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11
Q

What is haemodilution

A

an increase in the fluid content of blood leading to a lower concentration of RBC

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12
Q

What is miasma/melasma

A

hyperpigmentation during pregnancy caused by the rising levels of oestrogen and progesterone
ie. “the mask of pregnancy”

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13
Q

What is Grave’s Disease, and what condition is it associated with?
Bonus: list the symptoms

A

hyperthyroidism/overactive thyroid

symptoms: increased BMR, Tachycardia, nervousness, and protrusion of the eyeballs

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14
Q

What is linea nigra

A

The hyperpigmentation that commonly appears on the abdomen

ie. “the black line”

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15
Q

What are the effects of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulate the growth and maturation of oocytes in the ovaries

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16
Q

What are the effects of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Stimulate the ovaries to release the Graafian follicle during ovulation

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17
Q

What are the effects of Antidiuretic Hormone (also called vasopressin)

A

Influences blood pressure
Inhibits urine formation by influencing the renal tubules to reabsorb more water
Less urine is produced and blood volume rises
Needed to manage and maintain the circulating volume

18
Q

What are the effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Helps the body react to stress

19
Q

Define the lymphatic system

A

The lymphatic system is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the circulatory system and the immune system

20
Q

What is an antigen

A

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

21
Q

What processes lymphocyte and what is its function

A

processed by the thymus gland, and provides cell-mediated immunity

22
Q

Helper cells cooperate with B lymphocytes to produce…. XXXX?

A

antibodies

23
Q

True or false:

White blood cells decrease significantly during pregnancy

A

False - WBC increase

24
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Tissues drainage
Absorption – fat & fat-soluble minerals
Immunity

25
Q

Where, despite bone marrow, may erythropoiesis take place

A

Spleen and liver

26
Q

What is the function of leucocytes

A

Defend the body against injury and infection

27
Q

What are the different types of immunity?

A

1) Innate / inherited

2) Acquired
a) Natural Passive
b) Natural Active
c) Artificial Passive
d) Artificial Active

28
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

Control centre and communication centre
Detects and responds to changes outside and inside the body
Regulates vital bodily functions
Maintains homeostasis
Allows us to think, evaluate and remember information

29
Q

What is included in the Central nervous system

A

Brain

Spinal cord

30
Q

What is included in the Peripheral nervous system

A

All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Sensory (afferent)
Carry information into brain & spinal cord
Motor (efferent)
Signals to glands and muscles (effectors)
Voluntary
Involuntary – Autonomic Nervous system

31
Q

What is the name for a nerve cell and what is its function

A

neuron = specialized for signal carrying & information processing

32
Q

Whats a synapse

A

The microscopic gap between neuron endings

33
Q

What is a Ganglion

A

A collection of cell bodies of neurons, they tend to occur in bunches

34
Q

What is Neuralgia

A

nerve pain

35
Q

What is epilepsy

A

Abnormal electrical activity leading to seizures

36
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease

A

Progressive degenerative disease of dopamine-releasing neurons

37
Q

Place these reflex arc actions in order:

integrating centre
effector
sensory neuron
lower motor neuron
sensory receptor
A

Sensory receptor>sensory neuron>integrating centre>lower motor neuron>effector

38
Q

What is inflammation

A

Response to damaged body tissue whether or not pathogen present.

39
Q

What is the purpose of inflammation

A

To rush into the damaged area, blood containing white blood cells and key proteins.
To isolate and destroy any invading bacteria etc.
Remove damaged cells.
Prepare the area for healing.

40
Q

What is Mycosis

A

disease caused by fungi

41
Q

What is virus/viral latency

A

when pathogenic virus lies dormant (latent) within a cell.

42
Q

Place the chain of infection in order:

port of entry
mode of transport 
susceptible host
reservoir
pathogen
port of exit
A

pathogen>resorvoir>portal of exit>mode of transport>port of entry>susceptible host