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SOM Quiz 1 > Quiz 1: Cell Anatomy, genetics, pelvis, skull > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Cell Anatomy, genetics, pelvis, skull Flashcards

1
Q

Place in correct levels of organisation: organ, molecule, tissue, cell, organism, organelle, organ system, atom

A

Atom>molecule>organelle>cell>tissue>organ>organ system>prganism

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2
Q

What type of tissue is epithelial

A

Protective, secretory, absorptive

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3
Q

In what kind of cells does mitosis occur

A

somatic

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4
Q

Correctly place the phases of mitosis in order:

Cytokinesis, Anaphase, Prophase, Interphase, Telophase, Metaphase

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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5
Q

In what phase of mitosis do the mitotic spindles dissolves and new nuclear envelopes form at the poles

A

Telophase

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6
Q

In what phase oh mitosis does the cell grow in preparation for division

A

Interphase

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7
Q

In what phase of mitosis do the mitotic spindles move the chromosomes to align along the equator of the cell

A

metaphase

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8
Q

In what phase of mitosis causes the physical separation of the cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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9
Q

In which phase of mitosis do the spindle shorten, separating the chromatids and pulling them towards each pole

A

Anaphase

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10
Q

In which phase of mitosis do the mitotic spindles attach themselves to the centromere of each chromosome

A

prophase

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11
Q

At what stage of meiosis ensures a variety and random assortment of chromosomes

A

End of meiosis 1

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12
Q

What stage of meiosis is very similar to mitosis

A

Meiosis 2

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13
Q

At what point does an ovum complete its meiosis 2 stage

A

At the point of fertilisation before male nucleus and female nucleus fuse

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14
Q

Provide a definition for diffusion

A

movement of soluble particles through a permeable membrane from a solution of high concentration to a solution of low concentration

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15
Q

Provide a definition of facilited diffusion

A

molecules that are too large are helped across a membrane through carrier molecules which form channels

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16
Q

Define active transport

A

energy used to move molecules across a membrane can be against the concentration gradient

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17
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules from a region or low contentration to a region of high concentration acrosss a semi-permeable membrane

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18
Q

What does hypertonic mean

A

more concentrated

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19
Q

What does hypotonic mean

A

less concentrated

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20
Q

What does isotonic mean

A

of same concentration

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21
Q

What is haemolysis

A

When RBC swell and burst as a result of dense water concentration

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22
Q

Define homeostasis

A

ability for an organism to maintain its internal environment within limits that allow it to survive

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23
Q

What is genetics

A

The study of inherited traits and their variants

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24
Q

What are the nucleotides that form the basic units of DNA

A

Adenine, Guamine, Cytosine, Thymine

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25
Q

Adenine forms a base pair with which other nucleotide

A

Thymine

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26
Q

Cytosine forms a base pair with which other nucleotide

A

Guamine

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27
Q

What are germline mutations

A

Mutations that occur in the DNA replication in sex cells prior to meiosis

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28
Q

What are somatic mutations

A

an alteration to DNA that occurs after conception

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29
Q

What are alleles

A

Variants of genes

30
Q

What is a dominant allele

A

effect expressed when present in just one chromosome

31
Q

What is a recessive allele

A

effect expressed when present on both chromosome

32
Q

What is meant by the term ‘homozygous’

A

a genetic condition where an individual inherits the same allele for a particular gene from both parents

33
Q

What is meant by the term ‘heterozygous’

A

a genetic condition whereby an individual has two different alleles of a particular gene(s)

34
Q

What is a congenital defect

A

a structural or functional abnormality that occurs during intrauterine life

35
Q

How many bones make up the female pelvis

A

4 = two innominate, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx

36
Q

How many regions are the innominate bones divided into

A

3 = illium, ischium, pubis

37
Q

Place these inlet landmarks in order:
sacral ala, superior ramus of the pubic bone, sacral promontory, iliopectineal eminence, sacroilliac joint, upper inner border of the symphysis pubis, iliopectineal line, upper inner border of the body of the pubic bones

A

sacral promontory, sacral ala, sacroiliac joint, iliopectineal line, iliopectineal eminence, superior ramus of the pubic bone, upper inner border of the body of the pubic bones, upper inner border of the symphysis pubis

38
Q

What is the Curve of Carus

A

arc corresponding to pelvis axis = a line drawn exactly halfway between the anterior wall and the posterior wall of the pelvis canal

39
Q

What kind of pelvis most resembles a male pelvis, has a heart-shaped/triangular brim

A

Android pelvis

40
Q

What kind of pelvis is long and oval in shape

A

Anthropoid pelvis

41
Q

What kind of pelvis has a rounded brim and is most favourable for positive outcomes of childbearing

A

Gynaecoid

42
Q

What kind of pelvis is kidney-shaped

A

Platypelloid

43
Q

True or false:

The shoulders are the largest part of the fetal body to be born

A

False,

The head is.

44
Q

What shape is the fetal skull

A

Ovoid

45
Q

What does the sinciput region of the fetal skull refer to

A

the area from the two frontal bones extending from teh anterior fontanelle and the coronal suture to the orbital ridges

46
Q

What does the vertex region of the fetal skull refer to

A

the area bound in front by the anterior fontenelle, behind by the posterior fontanelle, and laterally by the parietal eminences

47
Q

What does the occiput region of the fetal skull refer to

A

the area over the occipital bones = lies between the foramen mangnum and the posterior fontanelle

48
Q

What is the vault?

A

the large, dome part above an imaginnary line drawn between the orbital ridges and the nape of the neck

49
Q

What is the base

A

comprises of bones that are firmly unitied to protect the vital centres in the medulla oblagata

50
Q

what is the face

A

area comprised of 14 small bones that are firmly united and non-compressible

51
Q

How many boens make up the vault?

A

5:
x2 frontal bones
x2 parietal bones
x1 occipital bone

52
Q

Define “suture”

A

fibrous joint in which opposed bony surfaces are closely united by thin connective tissue, permitting movement ie. cranial joints **oly found in a neonate

53
Q

Define “fontanelle”

A

membranous non-ossifies areas of the skull where three or more sutures meet

54
Q

Define “sinus”

A

Cavities in cranial bones or dilated channels for venous blood

55
Q

What does the SOB diameter refer to, and what is its’ measurement

A

Suboccipitobregmatic = 9.5cm

56
Q

What does the SMB diameter refer to, and what is its’ measurement

A

Submentobregmatic = 9.5cm

57
Q

What measurement is shown when during a brow presentation, when the head is midway between flexion and extension, and what is its measurement

A

Mentovertical = 13.5cm

58
Q

What two measurements are referred to during face presentations

A

Submentovertical and submentobregmatic

59
Q

What transverse diameter is measured between the parietal eminences

A

the biparietal

60
Q

What transverse diameter is measured between the most distant parts of the coronal sutures

A

the bitemporal

61
Q

What is caput succedaneum

A

oedematous fetal head swelling

62
Q

what is cephalhaematoma

A

blood collection beneath periosteum of one cranial bone

63
Q

What is moulding

A

used the describe the change in shape of the fetal skull that takes place during passage through the birth canal

64
Q

Meiosis is the process of cell division which results in

A

Haploid number of chromosomes

65
Q

The energy for active transport comes from:

A

ATP

66
Q

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient is known as

A

Active transport

67
Q

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called

A

Transcription

68
Q

The occipitofrontal diameter is:

A

11.5cm

69
Q

The sagittal suture runs from:

A

The anterior fontanelle to the posterior fontanelle.

70
Q

The biparietal diameter is:

A

9.5cm.

SOM Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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