Quiz 2: Reproduction, Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles, Fertilisation Flashcards
What are the male and female gonads (organs which produce gametes) called?
Testes and ovaries
Why is spermatozoa bathed in seminal fluid during ejaculation? (select all that are correct)
a. It provides fructose to fuel the sperm on its way
b. It is acidic and helps the sperm stay alive and motile in the alkali vagina
c. It makes up the volume needed to propel the spermatozoa far enough to reach the oviduct
d. It is alkaline and helps the sperm stay alive and motile in the acidic vagina
A and D:
It provides fructose to fuel the sperm on its way
It is alkaline and helps the sperm stay alive and motile in the acidic vagina
Place these in order for sperm cells leaving the male system:
Epididymis Prostate Testes Urethra Seminal vesicles Vas deferens
Testes, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Seminal vesicle, Prostate, Urethra
Which hormone is secreted by the Leydig cells?
a. Progesterone
b. Testosterone
c. Prolactin
d. Oestrogen
Testosterone
Where in the testes lobules does spermatozoa mature?
In the seminiferous tubules
Which type of cells ‘nurse’ the sperm as they grow?
Sertoli
What is the length and breadth of the non-pregnant uterus?
7.5cm long, 5cm wide
Place these parts of the uterine tube in order from the uterus out to the ovary:
Isthmus Interstitial Infundibulum/fimbriated portion Ampulla
Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum/fimbriated portion
What are the 3 muscle layers on the uterus?
Perimetreum, myometrium, endometrium
And which of these layers is shed during menstruation?
Endometrium
What are the 3 phases of the uterine/menstrual cycle?
Menstrual, Proliferative, Secretory
Name the three phases of the ovulation/ovarian cycle?
Follicular, Ovulatory (single day) and Luteal
What happens to the number of follicles in a female’s ovary as she ages?
Starts at ~2million at birth, reduces to 200,000 by puberty, 3-400 of these mature and ovulate during her lifetime
What are the two functions of the ovary?
To produce ova (follicle maturation), to produce hormones oestrogen and progesterone
Name the gland that interacts with the and hypothalamus triggers the release of gonadotrophins (FSH and LH)?
Anterior pituitary
What effect does the released FSH and LH have on the ovaries?
They encourage the follicles in the ovaries to mature and one secondary follicle will mature more rapidly to become the Graafian follicle
In a female which of these functions does Lutenising Hormone (LH) fulfil?
a. Triggers the release of the ovum
b. Stimulates and supports thickening of uterine lining
c. Stimulates the development of the corpus luteum
d. Encourages milk production
A. Triggers release of ovum & C. Stimulates the development of the corpus luteum
On Day 1 of the cycle what are the levels of oestrogen and progesterone at?
They are at their lowest, this is detected by the hypothalamus
On which day does ovulation occur?
Day 14
What happens to the graafian follicle once it has ruptured and released the ovum?
It forms the corpus luteum
What happens to body temperature immediately after ovulation?
It spikes
Describe Mittelschmerz?
Abdominal pain associated with ovulation
Which hormone does the graafian follicle release, which the corpus luteum takes over with?
Oestrogen
If fertilisation occurs, what replaces the corpus luteum as the source of hormone release?
The placenta
