Quiz 2: Reproduction, Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles, Fertilisation

Question 1

What are the male and female gonads (organs which produce gametes) called?

Answer 1

Testes and ovaries

Question 2

Why is spermatozoa bathed in seminal fluid during ejaculation? (select all that are correct)

a. It provides fructose to fuel the sperm on its way
b. It is acidic and helps the sperm stay alive and motile in the alkali vagina
c. It makes up the volume needed to propel the spermatozoa far enough to reach the oviduct
d. It is alkaline and helps the sperm stay alive and motile in the acidic vagina

Answer 2

A and D:

It provides fructose to fuel the sperm on its way

It is alkaline and helps the sperm stay alive and motile in the acidic vagina

Question 3

Place these in order for sperm cells leaving the male system:
Epididymis Prostate Testes Urethra Seminal vesicles Vas deferens

Answer 3

Testes, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Seminal vesicle, Prostate, Urethra

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by the Leydig cells?

a. Progesterone
b. Testosterone
c. Prolactin
d. Oestrogen

Answer 4

Testosterone

Question 5

Where in the testes lobules does spermatozoa mature?

Answer 5

In the seminiferous tubules

Question 6

Which type of cells ‘nurse’ the sperm as they grow?

Answer 6

Sertoli

Question 7

What is the length and breadth of the non-pregnant uterus?

Answer 7

7.5cm long, 5cm wide

Question 8

Place these parts of the uterine tube in order from the uterus out to the ovary:
Isthmus Interstitial Infundibulum/fimbriated portion Ampulla

Answer 8

Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum/fimbriated portion

Question 9

What are the 3 muscle layers on the uterus?

Answer 9

Perimetreum, myometrium, endometrium

Question 10

And which of these layers is shed during menstruation?

Answer 10

Endometrium

Question 11

What are the 3 phases of the uterine/menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

Menstrual, Proliferative, Secretory

Question 12

Name the three phases of the ovulation/ovarian cycle?

Answer 12

Follicular, Ovulatory (single day) and Luteal

Question 13

What happens to the number of follicles in a female’s ovary as she ages?

Answer 13

Starts at ~2million at birth, reduces to 200,000 by puberty, 3-400 of these mature and ovulate during her lifetime

Question 14

What are the two functions of the ovary?

Answer 14

To produce ova (follicle maturation), to produce hormones oestrogen and progesterone

Question 15

Name the gland that interacts with the and hypothalamus triggers the release of gonadotrophins (FSH and LH)?

Answer 15

Anterior pituitary

Question 16

What effect does the released FSH and LH have on the ovaries?

Answer 16

They encourage the follicles in the ovaries to mature and one secondary follicle will mature more rapidly to become the Graafian follicle

Question 17

In a female which of these functions does Lutenising Hormone (LH) fulfil?

a. Triggers the release of the ovum
b. Stimulates and supports thickening of uterine lining
c. Stimulates the development of the corpus luteum
d. Encourages milk production

Answer 17

A. Triggers release of ovum & C. Stimulates the development of the corpus luteum

Question 18

On Day 1 of the cycle what are the levels of oestrogen and progesterone at?

Answer 18

They are at their lowest, this is detected by the hypothalamus

Question 19

On which day does ovulation occur?

Answer 19

Day 14

Question 20

What happens to the graafian follicle once it has ruptured and released the ovum?

Answer 20

It forms the corpus luteum

Question 21

What happens to body temperature immediately after ovulation?

Answer 21

It spikes

Question 22

Describe Mittelschmerz?

Answer 22

Abdominal pain associated with ovulation

Question 23

Which hormone does the graafian follicle release, which the corpus luteum takes over with?

Answer 23

Oestrogen

Question 24

If fertilisation occurs, what replaces the corpus luteum as the source of hormone release?

Answer 24

The placenta

Question 25

Oestrogen has an inhibiting effect on which hormone which prevents any further follicle maturation after ovulation?

Answer 25

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 26

The last menstrual period of Maggi was the 22nd May 2020. She has a regular 28 day cycle. Her EDD is

Answer 26

26/2/2021

Question 27

The follicle from which the egg was released becomes the corpus luteum during:

Answer 27

Days 14 - 28

Question 28

Which part of the sperm cell is responsible for penetrating the corona radiate of the secondary oocyte ?

Answer 28

acrosome

Question 29

What type of tissue lines the uterine tubes ?
Select one:
a. smooth muscle , which contracts rhythmically to push the ovum along
b. fimbriae, to wait the ovum towards the uterus
c. delicate areolar to protect the ovum
d. ciliated epithelium

Answer 29

ciliated epithelium

Question 30

How many lobules are found in the testis ?
Select one:
a. 200 - 300
b. 100 - 150
c. 1000 - 2000
d. 20 - 30

Answer 30

200 - 300

Question 31

The lower uterine segment is formed from :
Select one:
a. the corpus
b. the cornua
c. the isthmus
d. the cervix

Answer 31

the isthmus

Question 32

The uterus communicates with the fallopian tubes at the 
Select one:
a. Corna
b. Fundus
c. Ilios
d. Endos

Answer 32

Corna

Question 33

To facilitate pregnancy, fertilization must occur in

Answer 33

an oviduct (Fallopian tube)

Question 34

In the ovarian cycle, when is progesterone released

Answer 34

after ovulation