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SOM Quiz 1 > Quiz 3: Fetal circulation, Maternal Cardio, Respiration, Blood > Flashcards

Quiz 3: Fetal circulation, Maternal Cardio, Respiration, Blood Flashcards

1
Q

The placenta is made up of 18-20 lobes divided by small fissures. These lobes are called?

A

Cotyledons

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2
Q

The foramen ovale is a ‘window’ like opening between which chambers of the heart?

A

The right atrium and left atrium.

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3
Q

The ductus arteriosus leads from:

A

The bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries to the aorta.

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4
Q

The ductus venosus is the point at which:

A

Oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the inferior vena cava

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5
Q

Physiological anaemia is caused by: Select one:

a. An increase in plasma in proportion to the number of blood cells and proteins in the bloodstream.
b. A decrease in plasma in proportion to the number of blood cells and proteins in the bloodstream.
c. An increase in the plasma with a decrease in the number of blood cells and proteins in the bloodstream.
d. A decrease in the plasma with an increase in the number of blood cells and proteins in the bloodstream.

A

The correct answer is: An increase in plasma in proportion to the number of blood cells and proteins in the bloodstream.

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6
Q

What are the three cellular components of blood?

A

Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (white blood cells), Thrombocytes (platelets).

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7
Q

Plasma constitutes approximately 55% of the volume of blood.

A

True

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8
Q

The main constituent of plasma is:

a. Water
b. Hormones
c. Waste products

A

A, water

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9
Q

Where are most blood cells made?

A

In the red bone marrow

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10
Q

What is the function of Haemoglobin?

A

Present in red blood cells, haemoglobin is a protein that binds to oxygen in order to carry oxygen around the body

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11
Q

The most abundant type of blood cells is:
A. Leukocytes
B. Thrombocytes
C. Erythrocytes

A

C, Erythorcytes. Red blood cells make up about 99% of the cellular mass of blood.

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12
Q

Why do erythrocytes have their distinctive biconcave disc shape?

A

to maximise gas exchange across their surface area

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13
Q

What is haemopoiesis?

A

The process of blood cell formation

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14
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

The process of red blood cell formation from stem cells.

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15
Q

What are the four main blood groups?

A

A, B, AB, and O

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16
Q

True or false: Childbearing women with D- (Rhesus-) blood can safely receive transfusions of D+ (Rhesus+) blood.

A

False

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17
Q

Which type of blood cell is an important component of the immune system?

A

Leukocytes

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18
Q

Platelets are:

a. Small disc shaped fragments with a lifespan of 8-11 days
b. Spherical shaped cells with a lifespan of 8-11 days
c. Spherical shaped cells with a lifespan of 2-3 days
d. Small disc shaped cell fragments with a lifespan of 2-3 days

A

small disc-shaped cell fragments with a lifespan of 8 - 11 days.

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19
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

The process of clotting in the blood vessels to prevent major blood loss.

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20
Q

Put the stages of haemostasis in the correct order:
A. Platelet Plug formation, Coagulation, Vasoconstriction
B. Vasoconstriction, Platelet Plug Formation, Coagulation
C. Platelet Plug formation, Vasoconstriction, Coagulation

A

B. Vasoconstriction, Platelet Plug Formation, Coagulation

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21
Q 
Which of the following is involved in blood clotting ?
Select one:
a. albumin
b. thyroglobulin
c. fibrinogen
d. immunoglobulin
A

Fibrinogen

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx ?
Select one:
a. modulation of speech
b. common passageway for food, air and water
c. closing off of the lower respiratory tract by the epiglottis
d. Humidification of air being breathed into the lungs

A

common passageway for food, air and water

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23
Q

What is the main function of the serous fluid that lies between the pleura ?
Select one:
a. To absorb waste products
b. To allow the pleura to glide easily over each other
c. To provide nutrients to the pleura
d. To insulate the lungs

A

To allow the pleura to glide easily over each other

24
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true ?
Select one:
a. The alveoli are composed of a double layer of squamous epithelium
b. The left lung has 2 lobes
c. The trachea is made up of “C” shaped rings of cartilage
d. The right lung has 3 lobes

A

The alveoli are composed of a double layer of squamous epithelium

25
Q

True or false:

The lower airways comprise the alveolar ducts , bronchioles and bronchi.

A

True

26
Q

True or false:

One of the functions of the structures of the nasal cavity is to equalise air pressure

A

False

27
Q

What are the two primary areas involved in gas exchange

A

Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.

28
Q

What are the 2 main muscles involved in respiration?

A

Intercostal and diaphragm.

29
Q

How do we get oxygen to the blood?

A

Respiratory membrane.

30
Q

Is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli higher or lower than in the deoxygenated blood of the capillaries of the pulmonary arteries?

A

Higher.

31
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during pregnancy?

A

Rises by 4cm.

32
Q

The respiratory system is under the influence of hormones, bio-chemical and mechanical influences. True or false?

A

True

33
Q

During pregnancy, air volume per minute increases by how much?

A

50%

34
Q

How does the onset of labour effect the demand for oxygen?

A

Increases the demand.

35
Q

What may be the consequences of insufficient time for uterine relaxation after a contraction?

A

Myometrial hypoxia and metabolic acidosis.

36
Q

After delivery, how long does ventilatory and anatomical changes take to return to pre-pregnancy state?

A

1-3 weeks.

37
Q

Dilution of plasma proteins in maternal circulating blood causes which clinical feature ?
Select one:

a. increased urine production
b. physiological odema
c. decreased circulating blood volume
d. increase in blood pressure

A

physiological odema

38
Q

Which layer of the heart wall lines its chambers:

A

endocardium

39
Q

Which layer of the heart wall contains muscle:

A

myocardium

40
Q

The heart is regulated by the cardiovascular centre, which lies where in the brain:

A

in the medulla oblongata.

41
Q

The cardiac valves ensure that flow of blood through the heart is one - way. Where else in the cardiovascular system is there valves doing the same:

A

medium sized veins.

42
Q

Which chamber of the heart has the largest blood supply:

A

left ventricle.

43
Q

What is the function of valves in blood vessels:

A

to keep the blood flowing in one direction.

44
Q

There is an 80% increase in respiration during pregnancy, leading to mild respiratory alkalosis?

A) True B) False

A

B) False- 50% increase

45
Q

During pregnancy the resting position of the diaphragm moves up by 4cm?

A) True B) False

A

A) True

46
Q

The outer most layer of the heart is?

A) Myocardium B) Pericardium C) Endocardium

A

B) Pericardium

47
Q

The medulla oblongata is the brain’s cardiovascular centre?

A) True B) False

A

A) True

48
Q

At term, lung volume increases up to:

A) 25-40% B) 45-60?

A

A) 25-40%

49
Q

Respiratory alkalosis can aid C02 transfer from the fetus to the mother by decreasing the arterial C02 pressure gradient?

A) True B) False

A

B) False- increases the pressure gradient

50
Q

The nose is lined with ciliated epithelial cells?

A) True B) False

A

A) True

51
Q

Total blood volume in pregnancy increases by 30-50%?

A) True B) False

A

A) True

52
Q

A rise in cardiac output peaks by the end of the 1st trimester?

A) True B) False

A

B) False- rises in 1st trimester, peaks by the end of the 2nd.

53
Q

Organs of the respiratory system include:

A) Nose B) Lungs C) Larynx D) Hypothalamus E) Ribs

A

A,B and C

54
Q

Air that passes through the nasal and oral passageways are warmed and moistened?

A) True B) False

A

A) True

55
Q

The right bronchi is longer and narrower than the left?

A) True B) False

A

B) False- right bronchi is shorter and wider, left bronchi is narrow and long

56
Q

Pleura consists of a closed sac of serous membrane containing and small amount of serous fluid?
A)True B) False

A

A) True

57
Q

There are 12 intercoastal muscles which lie in the spaces between the 12 ribs?
A) True B) False

A

B) False- 11 intercostal muscles between the 12 ribs

SOM Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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