Quiz #4: Chapter 1 The Cell Flashcards
The amount of energy required to raise reactants to their transition state is known as _____.
a. the equilibrium constant
b. free energy
c. activation energy
d. reduction potentials
C: Activation Energy
When the neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds to its receptor on neurons, the receptor becomes permeable to sodium ions and allows them to flow into the cell. The acetylcholine receptor is therefore a(n) _____.
a. catalyst
b. modulator
c. second messenger
d. ion channel
D: Ion Channel
The activity of muscle cells requires a great amount of energy; therefore, these cells contain abundant _____.
a. microRNAs
b. microfilaments
c. mitochondria
d. nuclei
C: Mitochondria
Apoptosis is _____.
a. characterized by swelling and results from injury
b. reversible
c. triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic pathways
d. abnormal cell death
C: Triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic pathways
Bacteria that are grown on media containing glucose respond by increasing the amount of lactase enzyme. This is an example of enzyme regulation by _____.
a. reversibility
b. induction
c. modulation
d. covalent modification
B: Induction
Most cellular ATP is produced in the _____ by _____.
a. mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation
b. peroxisome; the TCA cycle
c. lysosome; translation
d. Golgi apparatus; transcription
A: Mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation
The lipid bilayer structure that encloses a cell is known as the ____.
a. plasma membrane
b. nuclear envelope
c. cytoplasmic matrix
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
A: Plasma Membrane
Which of the following factors is important for the glucose-sensing action of glucokinase in liver?
a. Reversibility of the reaction
b. High affinity
c. Low KM
d. High KM
D: High KM
Which of the following is the cause of the granularity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomes
c. microRNAs
d. peroxisomes
B: Ribosomes
During _____, mRNA is synthesized using the _____.
a. translation; sense strand of the DNA template
b. transcription; sense strand of the DNA template
c. translation; ribosomal RNA
d. replication; cytoskeleton
B: Transcription; Sense strand of DNA template
The cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell _____.
a. is located within the nucleus and functions to transport DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
b. contains embedded proteins that act as receptors on the cell surface
c. is a hydrophobic, fluid structure composed mainly of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol
d. provides structural support and a means for movement of organelles and materials within the cell
D. provides structural support and a means for movement of organelles and materials within the cell
The metabolism of glucose releases carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of heat. The net effect of this series of reactions is therefore _____.
a. exothermic
b. endothermic
c. irreversible
d. transitional
A: Exothermic
Which category of enzymes do digestive enzymes belong to?
a. Isomerases
b. Hydrolases
c. Ligases
d. Transferases
B: Hydrolases
The tendency of a compound to donate and receive electrons is known as _____.
a. the standard reduction potential
b. free energy transfer
c. the equilibrium constant
d. ΔG
A: The standard Reduction Potential
Increases in blood levels of intracellular enzymes indicates _____.
a. apoptosis
b. cellular damage
c. phosphorylation
d. oxidation
B. cellular damage
