EXAM 2 (muscles) Flashcards
Select all statements that are true of bone cells?
a. Osteocytes maintain protein and mineral content of matrix
b. Osteoblasts facilitate bone resorption
c. Osteocytes form cytoplasmic extensions within canaliculi
d. Osteoclasts are located within lacunae
e. Osteoclasts have 50 or more nuclei
a & e
What would be the effect on bone growth with insufficient dietary calcium?
a. Minimal effect because body can synthesize calcium
b. The bone would be less flexible
c. The matrix would be softer
d. Epiphyseal plates would ossify earlier in development
e. There would be increased formation of spongy bone
c
The process by which osteoblasts add layers to circumferential lamellae is…
a. Appositional growth
b. Interstitial growth
c. Intramembranous growth
d. Endochondral ossification
e. Epiphyseal ossification
a
What type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification?
Hyaline Cartilage
Intramembranous ossification…
a. Produces flat bones, as in bones of the roof of the skull
b. Explains how a juveniles bone can grow in length
c. Occurs in diaphysis of a long bone
d. Occurs inside hyaline cartilage
e. Occurs in all bones before birth
a
If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast activating factor, which of the following would you expect from this condition? (select all)
a. Increased blood calcium levels
b. Increased bone fragility
c. Increased interstitial growth
d. Increased bone density
e. Increased endochondral ossification
a & b
Which of the following substances is correctly matched with its role in the body?
a. Vitamin D - aids calcium absorption
b. Vitamin C - necessary for collagen synthesis
c. Calcitonin - reduces calcium loss in urine
d. Estrogen - causes growth spurt at puberty
e. Parathyroid hormone - increases calcium deposits in the bone
a & b
A man has been diagnosed with osteoporosis, and his blood calcium levels are above normal. The patient’s cells that were oversecreting…
a. Parathyroid hormone
b. Calcitriol
c. Calcitonin
d. Thyroid hormone
e. Growth hormone
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is…
- Hematoma formation
- callus formation
- callus ossification
- remodeling of bone
The growth plate is an example of a(n)
a. Amphiarthrosis
b. synchondrosis
c. Diarthrosis
d. Syndesmosis
e. Symphysis
b. synchondrosis
What are bones composed of?
- cells
- protein
- collagen fibers
- ground substance
What are the functions of bone?
- body support
- protection of organs
- movement of body
- storage of minerals
- production of blood cells
What are the features of long bone?
- diaphysis (shaft)
- epiphysis (proximal & distal ends)
- metaphysis (epiphyseal plate & line)
- articular cartilage (hyaline & bone w bone)
Where is COMPACT BONE located & what is its function?
- location: outside layer of bone
- protects bone
ex. periosteum - outermost layer of bone
Where is SPONGY BONE located & what is its function?
- location: inside/middle of long bone
- where bone cells are located
ex. endosteum (innermost layer)
