Quiz 4 Flashcards
0
Q
Major Crossmatch Definition
A
Patient serum with donor RBC
1
Q
What is the purpose of a crossmatch?
A
- Prevention of transfusion reactions
2. Assurance of maximum benefit to the patient from the transfused cells or component
2
Q
What does a major crossmatch test for?
A
- *Detects antibodies in patient serum that may react with donor’s RBC antigen
- *Detect some errors in ABO, labelling, and identification of donor and recipient
3
Q
Minor Crossmatch Definition
A
Patient RBC with donor serum
4
Q
Minor Crossmatch tests for…
A
- *Detects donor antibody in plasma that may react with patient RBC antigen
- *Detects some major blood group errors
- *Detects a positive DAT of patient cells which may help in the diagnosis
5
Q
What are the reasons for a crossmatch?
A
- Intrauterine and exchange transfusion
- Newborns
- Emergency
- Multiple transfusions
- Chronic transfusions
- Biological crossmatch
6
Q
The crossmatch will NOT…
A
- Guarantee normal RBC survival once it is transfused
- Prevent patient from producing antibodies
- Detect all ABO group errors
- Detect all Rh errors unless D(-) with an anti-D
- Detect all clerical errors
- Detect antibody unless specific for donor antigen
- Detect antibody to platelets or white blood cells
7
Q
O
A. First choice
B. Second Choice
C. Third Choice
A
A. O
B. -
C. -
8
Q
A
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- A
- O
- –
9
Q
B
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- B
- O
- –
10
Q
AB
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- AB
- A or B
- O
11
Q
A with anti-H
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- A
- –
- –
12
Q
A with anti-A
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- A
- O
- –
13
Q
A2 with anti-H
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- A2B
- A2 or B
- –
14
Q
A2B with anti-A2
- First choice
- Second Choice
- Third Choice
A
- A2B
- A2 or B
- –
15
Q
Troubleshooting the problem crossmatch
A
- Human error: clerical or technical
- Patient medical history
- Initial test results
- Refer to compatibility diagrams
- Drugs
- WBC antigens shared with RBC
- Bacteria/virus
16
Q
Elution
A
Process by which antibody is attached to RBC in vivo and elution removes antibody from RBC
17
Q
Transfusion Reactions (most common)
A
- Intravascular hemolysis
- Extravascular hemolysis
- Febrile, nonhemolytic
18
Q
Intravascular hemolysis
A
- Hemolysis activated by complement in the bloodstream
- ABO blood group incompatibility
- Immediate reaction
19
Q
Extravascular hemolysis
A
- Seen in the spleen or liver
- Complement not activated
- Delayed reactions (days later)
- IgGs usually
20
Q
When conducting a transfusion reaction investigation, what five specimens are needed?
A
- Pre-transfusion recipient specimen
- Post-transfusion recipient specimen
- Donor pilot sample
- Transfused pack with blood
- Post-transfusion urine
21
Q
Whole Blood
A
- Patient hemorrhage
- 42 days
- 1C to 6C
22
Q
Packed Red Blood Cells
A
- Hemorrhage or anemia or surgical blood loss
- 42 days
- 1C to 6C
23
Q
Buffy-coat Poor Red Cells
A
- Anemia with sensitivity to WBC
- 42 days
- 1C to 6C
24
Washed Red Cells
1. Anemia with sensitivity to WBC and/or plasma components
2. 24 hours
3. 1C to 6C
25
Frozen Red Blood Cells
1. Anemia with sensitivity to WBC
2. 10 years
3. < -65C
26
Thawed Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells
1. Anemia with sensitivity to WBC; transfusion to people with rare blood types
2. 2 weeks
3. 1C to 6C
27
Irradiated RBCs
Help prevents graft versus host disease
28
Albumin
1. Volume expander; burn patient
2. 3 years
4. Room temperature
29
Immune Serum Globulin
1. Hepatitis; agammaglobinemia; hypogammaglobinemia
2. 3 years
3. Room temperature
30
Platelets
1. Thrombocytopenia; bleeding
2. 5 days
3. 20C to 24C
31
Fresh Frozen Plasma
1. Coagulation deficiencies
2. 1 year
3. -18C
32
Cryopercipitate
1. Hemophiliacs, Factor VIII, DIC
2. 1 year
3. -18C
33
Leukocyte Concentrate
1. Severe Leukopenia
2. 24 hours
3. 20C-24C
34
What is the most common incompatibility of hemolytic disease of a newborn?
ABO blood group
35
What is the symptom of HDN when there is an ABO incompatibility?
*Mild anemia
| *
36
What are the clinical features of HDN?
* Jaundice
* Anemia
* Edema
* Death
* Kernicterus
37
What tests are done to detect HDN?
* ABO
* Rh
* DAT (cord/eluates)
* Bilirubin
* Hemoglobin
38
What are the treatments for HDN?
* Exchange transfusion
* Transfusion
* Phototherapy
* Intrauterine transfusion
* Early induction of labor
* RhoGAM therapy within 72 hours
39
Who is NOT a RhoGAM candidate?
1. Rh negative mother who has anti-D
2. Rh negative mother with Rh negative baby
3. Rh positive women or D positive women
40
MicroRhoGAM
Prevents antibody formation after miscarriage or abortion up to 12 weeks
41
Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM)
Artificial passive immunization with anti-D immunoglobulin
