Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is the second most important blood group in transfusion?
Rh blood group
What type of antibody is produced when RH (+) blood is transfused into a RH (-) patient?
Alloantibody
What antigens are the most important in the Rh blood group system?
D, E, c, C, e
Rh antibody
1. Class of antibody?
First appears as an IgM then switches to IgG
What antibodies can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn and hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Antibodies to D, C, c, E, e
What antibodies frequently show dosage?
Anti-c and anti-E
What are the common symptoms of Rh D?
- Chills
- Fever
- Shock
- HDN
What is the cause of hemolytic disease of a newborn?
IgG antibody passes through placenta to fetus and can cause fetal death
What is the optimal temperature of reactivity for an Rh antibody?
37 C
What is the optimal media of reactivity for Rh antibodies?
Albumin or anti-human globulin
Fisher-Race
1. Theory of inheritance
Rh antigen derived from three pairs of closely linked genes and passed as a gene concept (CDE) with rare crossover
Weiner
1. Theory of inheritance
- Inherit one gene that controls the entire Rh system and expression of 8 alleles
Tippet
1. Theory of inheritance
- Based on two closely linked genes on chromosome 1
What is the current Rh theory of inheritance?
Tippet
What is the nomenclature for Rh 1 (Rosenfield) in terms of…
- Weiner
- Fisher-Race
- Rh(o)
2. D
What is the nomenclature for Rh 2 (Rosenfield) in terms of…
- Weiner
- Fisher-Race
- rh’
2. C
What is the nomenclature for Rh 3 (Rosenfield) in terms of…
- Weiner
- Fisher-Race
- rh’’
2. E
What is the nomenclature for Rh 4 (Rosenfield) in terms of…
- Weiner
- Fisher-Race
- hr’
2. c
What is the nomenclature for Rh 5 (Rosenfield) in terms of…
- Weiner
- Fisher-Race
- hr’’
2. e
D(u)
1. Definition
Weak form of the D antigen
D(u)
1. Causes
- Heredity – less or altered D antigen on a cell
- Mosaic D
- Gene interaction - C in transposition to D (DCe/dCe)
- Genes independent of the Rh system can modify Rh expression
What test do you perform to detect D(u)?
- Indirect antiglobulin test
What can you interpret if D(u) is (+) and control is (-)?
Rh (+)
What can you interpret if D(u) is (+) and control is (+)?
Rh cannot be interpreted
What are some Rh typing problems?
- Weak or mixed field reactions
- Positive autocontrol
- Nonautoantibody to antigen (antibody to preservative)
What causes a false (+) reaction in Rh typing?
- High protein –> rouleaux
- (+) DAT
- Autoantibody
- Anti-caprylate
What causes a false (-) in Rh typing?
- Rh hemolytic disease of a newborn
What is the nomenclature in Fisher-Race?
C, c, C(w), E, e, D, D(u), d
What is the nomenclature in Weiner?
R(c), R(1), R(2), R(z), r, r’, r’’, r(y)
