Quiz 1 Flashcards
Name some Universal Precautions taken in the laboratory
- All patient specimens are considered to be biohazardous regardless of diagnosis
- Hand washing
- PPE (gloves, gowns, lab coats, goggles)
- Report all accidents
- Dispose of all needles in puncture proof boxes
- No mouth-to-mouth pipetting
Name 3 Historical Events in Blood Banking
- 1901 –> Landsteiner –> Discovered A, B, and O
- 1970s –> Monoclonal Antibodies
- WWII –> Plastic bags “Fenwal bags”
What is the most common method for blood collection?
Venipuncture
Why are serum separator tube not able to be used in blood banking?
Silicone gel interferes with some tests
Why are anticoagulated specimens unacceptable to be used in blood banking?
The binding of calcium may interfere with some tests
What are the purple top tubes used for (EDTA tubes)?
Direct antiglobulin test
What is the main color tube top used in blood banking? Why?
Red top tube and because there is no anticoagulant added
Wharton’s Jelly
- Definition
- Where is it found?
- Connective tissue substance coating the cord
2. Found when collecting cord blood specimen (umbilical cord)
What must you label specimens with?
- Patient’s name
- Identification number
- Date
- Time
- Phlebotomist identification
At what temperature can specimens be stored? What is the minimum amount of days a specimen is stored?
1-6 degrees C
7 days
Antigen (definition)
- Any substance that binds specifically to an antibody or T cell (TCR)
Immunogen or Agglutinogen (Definition)
Any substance that stimulates an immune response and reacts with it
What is the difference between an antigen and an immunogen?
An antigen can react with an immune response but cannot stimulate one whereas an immunogen is the first to illicit an immune response
Epitope or antigenic determinant (definition)
Discrete chemical site on an antigen that is recognized by an antibody or T cell
Hapten (definition)
Low molecular weight molecules that do not stimulate an immune response by themselves
What is the importance of haptens binding with carriers?
This is to increase their size in order to become a complete antigen (cause an immune response)
Immunogenicity (definition)
An immunogens ability to stimulate an immune response
Characteristics of immunogenicity
- Antigen structure and position
- Foreigness
- Dosage
- Route
- Metabolic fate
- Host Factors
List the types of antigens that have the highest immunogenicity in order from highest to lowest
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
What types of routes can an antigen take into the body? What is the route that yields the highest immunogenicity?
- IV – highest
- Oral
- Inhalation
- Intramuscularly
- Subcutaneously
- Intraperitenially
Antibodies/Immunoglobulins (definition)
Proteins produced by plasma cells to react against epitopes on antigens
What are the major classes of antibodies in blood banking?
IgM and IgG
What antibody type(s) can cross the placenta?
IgG
What antibody type(s) are present in secretions?
IgA