Quiz 4 Flashcards
5 Categories of Actions
Inborn, Discovered, Absorbed, Trained, Mixed
Inborn
Actions that are innate and exist at birth
Discovered
Actions that we discover (Most Often Early In Life)
Absorbed
Actions that we acquire unknowingly from our companions, often acquired in an unconscious attempt to synchronize our actions
Trained
Actions that people have to learn from others
Mixed
Actions that we acquire in a number of ways from a mixture of sources
5 Types of Behavior
Emblems, Illustrators, Regulators, Adaptors, Affect Displays
Emblems
Gestures with direct verbal translations
Illustrators
Gestures that support what is being said orally. They cannot stand alone and must accompany or follow the oral message
Regulators
Gestures that indicate when to talk or when to allow others to talk
Adaptors
Gestures learned early in life that relate to touching of the body or objects; often seen as nervous movements
Affect Displays
Nonverbal Expressions of emotions you are experiencing
Classes of Illustrators
Gestures that emphasize words or sentences…. Ideographs, Pictographs
Ideographs
Gestures that illustrate your thought process
Pictographs
Gestures that draw shapes in space
Turn Cues
Nonverbal cues used to Maintain a turn, signal the listener that it is their turn to talk, signal a desire to take a turn
Back channeling
Kinetic behaviors used to make the speaker feel they are being listened to
Affect Blends
Nonverbal expressions of two or more emotions at the same time
Birdwhistell’s Principles of Kinesics
Kinesic communication varies according to culture, and even among microcultures (or subcultures).
Kinesic behavior is complementary to, rather than redundant with, verbal communication.
We must compare and contrast nonverbal codes time and time again in context before we can make accurate interpretations.
We should only try to analyze the kinesic behavior of others when we have enough information about them to contextualize it. (Birdwhistell, 1974)
Eye Contact
“With positive verbal content, frequent eye contact produced positive evaluations of the message, but with negative content, eye contact produced negative evaluations.” (Ellsworth and Carlsmith, 1968)
Eye Contact and Interviewing
Subjects increase frequency of eye contact with an interviewer evaluating them positively, and reduce eye contact with a negatively evaluating interviewer (Exline and Winters, 1965)
Decoding Pupil Size
Generally, dilated pupils are found to increase a person’s attractiveness.
Pupils dilate in reaction to strong interest in people, food, objects, etc. (Metalis and Hess, 1982)
Darkness, Alcohol, Concentration
Smiles Need
Mouth and Eyes
