Quiz 2 Chapters 3 and 4

Question 1

Proxemics

Answer 1

The interrelated observations and theories of our use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture; usually divided into territory and personal space.

Question 2

Personal Space

Answer 2

An invisible space immediately surrounding the person, a body buffer zone.

Question 3

7 Factors of Proxemics

Answer 3

1. Postural-sex identifiers
2. The sociofugal-sociopetal axis
3. Kinesthetic features
4. Visual code
5. Thermal code
6. Olfactory code
7. Voice-loudness

Question 4

Proxemes

Answer 4

Units of space within each distance “zone” we have; generally classified as “inner” or “outer” zones.

Question 5

Classification of Spatial Zones

Answer 5

Intimate (Family, Significant Others) Personal (Friends) Social (Business Zone) Public

Question 6

Territoriality

Answer 6

Laying claim to an area and defending it against members of the same species.

Question 7

Super Territory

Answer 7

Desire by humans to attempt to maintain more territory than is actually needed for them to survive

Question 8

Density

Answer 8

The number of living beings present in a given area.

Question 9

Crowding

Answer 9

A perception that occurs when living beings perceive restrictions on their ability to move freely in a given area because of the presence of too many other beings

Question 10

Cocooning

Answer 10

A withdrawing into oneself; creating a personal territorial behavior

Question 11

Three Factors Influencing Our Perception of Crowding

Answer 11

Surveillance, Behavioral Constraint, Stimuli Overload

Question 12

Use Space

Answer 12

Space claimed by people within their line of vision, or as instrumental in performing a function.

Question 13

Information Preserve

Answer 13

Territories that contain facts about the self we wish to control

Question 14

Secondary Space

Answer 14

Space that you deem important but that you could live without; space not crucial to your emotional or physical environment

Question 15

Methods of Territorial Defense

Answer 15

Markers, Offensive Displays, Tenure

Question 16

Types of Markers

Answer 16

Central Marker, Boundary Marker, Earmarker

Question 17

Metamessage

Answer 17

Message about how to communicate in a given context or environment

Question 18

Public Territory

Answer 18

Area people may enter freely; area open to people with a legitimate use for that space, ownership temporary

Question 19

Interactional Territory

Answer 19

Area, mobile or fixed, that is restricted in terms of accessibility by someone

Question 20

Home Territory

Answer 20

Physical territory to which an individual lays claim, marked by legal and physical barriers… Free and uninhibited actions typically take place in this territory

Question 21

Body Territory

Answer 21

Space immediately surrounding us, marked by the skin and clothing….. Territory extends to form body buffer zone

Question 22

Surveillance

Answer 22

Occurs when one perceived that they are being watched or observed by strangers

Question 23

Behavioral Constraint

Answer 23

Occurs when freedom of movement is reduced; when you cannot spread out

Question 24

Stimuli Overload

Answer 24

Occurs when there are too many noises, sights, and sounds bombarding you

Question 25

Markers

Answer 25

Signs that Denote ownership of a territory

Question 26

Offensive Displays

Answer 26

Can be accomplished by the posture an individual assumes, the stance one takes, or the gestures one uses; used to accomplish dominance or to keep someone from invading our territory or personal space.

Question 27

Tenure

Answer 27

Concerns the length of time that you have held your space.

Question 28

Secondary Space

Answer 28

Space that you deem important but that you could live without; space not crucial to your emotional or physical environment

Question 29

Postural-sex Identifiers

Answer 29

Perceptions of space are affected by:

1. The sex of the communicators
2. The posture of the communicators:
   - Prone (lying down)
   
   • Seated
   • Standing

Question 30

Sociofugal-Sociopetal Axis

Answer 30

Perceptions of space are affected by the angle formed by the axis of the interactants’ shoulders.

Question 31

Sociopetal

Answer 31

Spatial arrangements that increase interactions.

Question 32

Sociofugal

Answer 32

Spatial arrangements that decrease interactions.

Question 33

Kinesthetic Features

Answer 33

“One of the most basic forms of relating to space, one which is deeply imbedded in humanity’s philogenetic past, is the potential to strike, hold, caress, or groom” (Hediger, 1955). Touching with head, touching with forearms, Touching with the arm or leg full extended

Question 34

Visual Code

Answer 34

Eye Contact

Question 35

Thermal Code

Answer 35

The sensing of body heat can result in movement either towards or away from the source.

Question 36

Olfactory Code

Answer 36

Body odor significantly influences our perceptions of others.

Question 37

Voice-Loudness

Answer 37

Loudness of voice is modified by social norms of:
Distance
Relationship of the parties involved 
The situation 
The subject of conversation