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My Pharm 1 > quiz 4 > Flashcards

quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Covalent bonding of Ethers

A

C-O-C

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2
Q

straight chained or branched nonaromatic hydrocarbon?

A

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Why is molecular length important?

A

anesthetic effect of immobility is decreased or lost if carbon atom chain length exceeds a distance of four or five carbon atoms 5 angstroms

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4
Q
A

Halothane

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5
Q
A

Isoflurane

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6
Q
A

desflurane

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7
Q
A

Sevoflurane

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8
Q

The addition of fluorine [F], chlorine [Cl], bromine [Br], or iodine [I] (Halogens) influences what anesthetic’s characteristics?

A

Potency - increases with heavier halogens AMU (Bromine)

Arrhythmogenic properties - more halogens, more arrythmias

Chemical stability - Enhance

Flammability - Reduced

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9
Q

What halogens are Disinfectants?

A

Bromine

Iodine

Chlorine

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Typically , increasing the number of _______ atoms on an anesthetic molecule slows biodegradation.

A

fluorine

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12
Q

Currently used Volatile gas with most percentage liver metabolism?

A

Sevoflurane (5%)

(Halothane was 45%)

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13
Q

Absorption phase term?

A

Uptake

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14
Q

Metabolic phase term?

A

Biotransformation

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15
Q

Excretion phase term?

A

Elimination

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16
Q

Myer Overton Rule?

A

Lipid solubility is directly proportional to potency

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17
Q

A reduction in body temperature ______ anesthetic requirement

A

lowers

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18
Q

mediate ________ via glycine, sodium and NMDA receptors

A

Supraspinal Effects, causes amnesia

19
Q

weak inward-rectifying K+ Channels, and inhibiting glycine and GABA receptors

A

Spinal Effects causing immobility

20
Q

MAC % of Halothane

A

0.75%

21
Q

Inhaled anesthetics “PROBABLY” produce anesthesia by ?

A

enhancing the function of inhibitory ion channels and by blocking the function of excitatory ion channels

22
Q

Inhibitory channels?

A

Glycine

GABA

23
Q

Effects of hypnosis are from what receptor?

A

GABA

24
Q

Hyperpolarization of GABA when?

A

Influx of Cl- ions

25
Q

Hyperpolarization of Glycine when?

A

Efflux of K+ ions

26
Q

primary excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

27
Q

Ligand gated receptors? (3)

A

NMDA

AMPA

Kainate

28
Q

How is immobility achieved via volatile gases?

A

Activation of descending noradrenergic pathways which originate in periaqueductal gray matter of the brainstem. Activation of these pathways inhibit nociceptive input in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

29
Q

What are highly probable targets for the amnesic effects of anesthetics?

A

amygdala

hippocampus

cortex

Limbic system

(supraspinal structures)

30
Q

the relationship of concentration of a gas in solution to the partial pressure of the gas with which the solution is in equilibrium:

A

Henry’s Law

31
Q

_____ potency correlates with ______ onset

A

High

Slow

32
Q

Gases with a _____ oil:gas solubility have a _____ blood:gas solubility

A

High

High

33
Q

›The concentration of each gas in a mixture of gases in solution depends on two factors:

A

Its partial pressure in the gas phase in equilibrium with the solution.

Its solubility within that solution

34
Q

Inhaled anesthetics equilibrate based on their _________ in each tissue, not based on their __________.

A

partial pressures

concentration

35
Q

The concentration of anesthetic in a tissue depends on its _______ and ________.

A

partial pressure

tissue solubility

36
Q

Best gas anesthetic for obese pt?

A

Desflurane

37
Q

How to get fractional concentration?

A

Fractional Volume = P.anesthetic/P.barometric

38
Q

Rank Gases from least to most Blood:gas soluble and Oil:gas soluble

A

NDSEIHM

39
Q

MAC % of NO

A

104

40
Q

MAC % of Desflurane

A

6

41
Q

MAC % of Sevoflurane

A

2

42
Q

MAC % of Enflurane

A

1.7

43
Q

MAC % of Isoflurane

A

1.4

My Pharm 1 (10 decks)

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