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Cardiopulmonary > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

At rest, the cell is what?

A

-Polarized

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2
Q

What is the term for positive charges moving into the cell, and the negative charge leaving causing the heart to contract?

A

-Depolarization

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3
Q

During what does the positive charge move back out of the cell and the heart relaxes again?

A

-Repolarization

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4
Q

What causes an upward deflection on an ECG?

A

-a positive charge moving toward the positive electrode

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5
Q

What causes a downward reflection on an ECG?

A

-positive charge moving away from the positive electrode

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6
Q

Where does depolarization/repolarization occur?

A

-In the SA node

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7
Q

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

A

-Atrial depolarization (contraction)

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8
Q

How long does the P wave normally take?

A

-.11 seconds (2 small boxes)

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9
Q

What does the PR interval represent on the ECG?

A

-The time for the impulse to arrive at the AV node (ventricular filling)

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10
Q

How long does a PR interval normally take?

A

-.12-.2 seconds (5 small boxes)

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11
Q

What does the QRS wave represent?

A

-the impulse traveling from the AV node to the bundle of his, down the right and left bundle branches and the the perkinjie cells

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12
Q

What occurs during the QRS complex?

A

-Ventricular depolarization (contraction)

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13
Q

How long does the QRS complex normally take?

A

-.06-.1 seconds (2 small boxes)

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14
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

-The pause after the QRS complex

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15
Q

Where should the ECG line return to during the ST segment?

A

-The isoelectric line (no electrical activity)

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16
Q

The 6 precordial ECG leads give you a view of the heart in what plane?

A

-Horizontal

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17
Q

What amount of time does 1 small box represent on the ECG?

A

-.04 seconds

18
Q

One bold box (5 small boxes) on the ECG represent what amont of time?

A

-.2 seconds

19
Q

What anount of voltage does one small box on the ECG represent?

A

-.1mVsec

20
Q

What voltage does one bold box (5 small boxes) represent on the ECG?

A

-.5 mVsec

21
Q

What is the most accurate way to determine HR using an ECG?

A

-1500/the distance between 2 R waves

22
Q

How will sinus brady cardia appear on an ECG?

A

-The complexes will be normal but R waves will be far apart

23
Q

Sinus tachycardia will appear how on the ECG?

A

-The complexes will be normal but very close together

24
Q

What 2 ares can heart arrhythmias come from?

A

-impulse formation and impulse conduction

25
Q

An arrhythmia that stems from abnormal impulse generation occurs how?

A

-it is generated somewhere other than the SA node

26
Q

How does an impulse conduction abnormality cause an arrhythmia?

A

-The impulse does not follow the normal path of conduction

27
Q

Impulse formation anywhere other than the SA node is called what?

A

-Ectopic Foci

28
Q

What causes a large QRS complex on the ECG?

A

-abnormal ventricular contraction caused by an ectopic foci

29
Q

Atrial dysfunction is normally manifested in what parts of the ECG?

A

-P wave or PR interval

30
Q

How will an atrial flutter appear on an ECG?

A

-Multiple P waves before the QRS complex (saw tooth pattern)

31
Q

How will atrial fibrillation appear on an ECG?

A

-a diminished P wave (squiggly lines then QRS)

32
Q

How will a premature ventricular contraction appear on an ECG?

A

-abnormally wide QRS without a P wave before hand

33
Q

What is a Bigeminy PVC?

A

-a PVC every other normal beat

34
Q

If the PVC looks normal on an ECG then what does that mean?

A

-The the PVC is being cause by the same foci (unifocal)

35
Q

How will ventricular tachycardia appear on an ECG?

A

-Multiple PVCs in a row

36
Q

How will ventricular fibrillation appear on an ECG?

A

-no complex (bag of worms)

37
Q

How will an asystole appear on an ECG?

A

-FLAT LINE

38
Q

What will myocardial ischemia cause on an ECG?

A

-a depressed ST segment

39
Q

A non-STEMI infarction will cause what on an ECG?

A

-persistant depressed ST segment

40
Q

A STEMI will present how on an ECG?

A

-an elevated ST segment

41
Q

As an MI progresses, what will occur?

A

-a Q wave will present in leads that do no normally show them

42
Q

An acute MI will present how on an ECG?

A

-T wave inversion

Cardiopulmonary (7 decks)

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