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Ecology > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical environment limits the geographic distribution of a ______.

A

species

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2
Q

For a population, does the physical environment limit geographic distribution?

A

nah

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3
Q

Why TF do Kangaroos end up all over the dam place?

A

Climate

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4
Q

Limited distributions may be ________ (direct/ indirect) determined by climate.

A

indirectly

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5
Q

Close to the equator, where do Tiger beetles go to stay cool?

A

To the Mountains

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6
Q

The tiger beetles have a constrained distribution, but why?

A

They are fairly widespread, but they must hike up the mountain to stay cool and safe.

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7
Q

Encelia plant distributions correspond to _____ and ______.

A

temperature precipitation

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8
Q

Why do we have fewer and fewer Balanus barnacle distribution in the upper intertidal zone?

A

not desiccation tolerant there’s competition from other Balanus species that are specialized for upper zones

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9
Q

Why do we have fewer and fewer Balanus barnacle distribution in the lower intertidal zone?

A

theres fish down there fam, they’ll eat the shit of out young barnacles (larvae)

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10
Q

Why is there less water at the tippy top of a mountain?

A

because water rolls down the dam hill MF

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11
Q

Describe random distribution.

A

Equal chance of an organism to be anywhere

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12
Q

Describe regular distribution. What’s the alternate name for this?

A

Exclusive use of areas; individuals avoid one another Uniform

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13
Q

Describe a clumped distribution.

A

unequal chance of being anywhere organisms are perhaps clustered around a valuable resource

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14
Q

Traditional theory of the distribution of desert shrubs.

A

Originally thought: Competition underground by the roots New research: the distribution goes from clumped to regular distribution

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15
Q

Young shrubs clumped for 3 reasons:

A
  • seeds germinate at safe sites - seeds not dispersed from parent areas - asexual reproduction
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16
Q

After digging up root systems, we found that the root systems were not ______, and instead were ______.

A

circular overlapped extensively in only 4% of the area

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17
Q

What did Dr. (dooky) Brown notice about bird distributions?

A

He noticed that Christmas birds showed clumped, widespread distributions. He also noticed that only a small proportion of the clumped sites had a large amount of bird sightings

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18
Q

Plant and animal density _____ with increased size.

A

decreases

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19
Q

Rabinowitz “commonness” classification is based on 3 factors: 1. ? 2. ? 3. ?

A
  1. Geographic range 2. Habitat tolerance 3. Local population size
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20
Q

What is rarity 1? [based on “commonness”]

A
  • extensive range - broad habitat tolerance - small local populations ex) peregrine
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21
Q

What is rarity 2? [based on “commonness”]

A
  • extensive range - narrow habitat tolerance - large populations ex) carrier pigeon
22
Q

What is rarity 3? [based on “commonness”]

A
  • restricted range - narrow habitat tolerance - small populations ex) california condor
23
Q

Numerical responses to increased prey availability

A

Holling

24
Q

Increased prey density leads to increased _____ density

A

predator

25
Q

Stream dwellers have adaptations for _______.

List 3 of them.

A

maintaining position

Streamlined, bottom-dwelling and adhesion

26
Q

Groups of organisms that are washed downstream

A

spates

27
Q

What type of table is described below?

Proportion skulls in each age class represented typical proportion of individuals dying at that age

A

Static life table

28
Q

What is the difference between Cohort life table, Static life table and Age distribution?

A
  • Cohort life table - recording deaths of organisms born at same time
  • Static life table - recording deaths of organisms at one given period
  • Age distribution - record proportion of organisms at each age
29
Q

The sheep skull project showed which type of table?

A

static life table

30
Q

What are the 3 different survivorship curves?

A
  • Type 1: death at the end of a life span
  • Type 2: equal chance of death at any time in their lives; constant rate of mortality
  • Type 3: death at the beginning of life span
31
Q

What type of population density would aggressive bees show?

A

Uniform

32
Q

How did desert shrubs shift from being clumped to regular distribution?

A

As plants grow, some individuals in clumps die, reducing clumping Competition among remaining plants leads to higher mortality Eventually, regular distributions result

33
Q

Species least threatened by extinction? - Geographic range is _______. - The habitat tolerance is ______. - Local populations are often _______.

A

extensive broad large

34
Q

The permanent movement of an individual

A

Dispersal

35
Q

When finches destroy stigmas ….

A

flowers cannot be fertilized ***** add more

36
Q

For cactus flowers, damage increases when the number of plants is ______.

A

lower

37
Q

Which organism should have highest intrinsic rates of increase?

A

smaller hittahs

38
Q

Population

A

**hey

39
Q

What is this distribution called?

A

Poisson

40
Q

Reflects history of survival & reproduction, plus ________ ________.

A

Growth potential

41
Q

Birth Rate =

Fecundity schedule:

A

young born / females

birth rates by age class

42
Q

How do you use this formula? (what do the letters represent?)

  • Geometric Rate of Increase
    • Lambda = Nt+1 / Nt
A
  • Nt+1 represents size of population at future time
  • Nt = size of population at some earlier time
43
Q

How would you describe metapopulations?

How would you describe sources and sinks?

A
  • Metapopulation = population of populations
    • although smaller populations may be more at risk for extinction, the presence of other nearby populations allow some room for immigration between them
  • Source is the origin, Sink is when a source organisms populates a new place
44
Q

Type of growth in which generations do not overlap

A

geometric growth

45
Q

An elephant is a good example of what type of growth?

A

geometric growth; looks step wise on a graph

46
Q

When overlapping generations are present we see that as population size increases, the rate of increase ________.

What type of growth is associated with overlapping generations?

A

Increases

Exponential growth

47
Q

K = ______ ______

A

carrying capacity

48
Q

Environment limits population growth by altering ______ and ______.

A

birth rates

death rates

49
Q

Example of a density-dependent factor?

Example of a density-independent factor?

A
  • disease, resource competition
  • natural disasters
50
Q

In cactus finches:

  • it was found that when cactus flowers are abundant, damage by finches is ____.
  • Damage increases when flower abundance is _____.
A

low

low

Ecology (7 decks)

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