Quiz 4

Question 1

Laub and Sampson: “A Theory of Persistent

Offending and Desistance from Crime Two Arguments:

Answer 1

1. People can be caught in Pathways

2. There are Turning Points (marriage/school)

Question 2

Factors That Combine to Entrench a Child on an Anti-Social Pathway

Answer 2

1. Individual differences
2. Disadvantaged environments
3. Ineffective and rejecting parenting

Question 3

Change occurs when offenders acquire

Answer 3

quality social bonds

Question 4

After acquiring quality social bonds 4 steps to change:

Answer 4

1. structural turning point
2. increased informal social control
3. Routine activities are transformed
4. “by default” the offender is committed to a new life

Question 5

Prime turning point is:

Answer 5

Marriage

Question 6

Human Agency

Answer 6

Free will and purposeful choice

Question 7

Overall, offending is explained by:

Answer 7

1 individual differences
2 environmental differences
3 social interactions
4 random, chance events

Question 8

Two interrelated components are needed for desistence:

Answer 8

1 opportunities to develop conventional
ties to society
2 Four interrelated cognitive transformations must occur

Question 9

Four interrelated cognitive transformations (hooks for change) must occur:

Answer 9

1. The actor’s openness for change
2. Exposure to a hook for change
3. The actor’s ability to envision a replacement of self
4. Transformation in how the actor views the deviant behavior or lifestyle itself

Question 10

General openness for change

Answer 10

1 Need to be open or believe that they can change

2 This is insufficient by itself for change

Question 11

Exposure to hooks for change

Answer 11

Must have an opportunity for change

Question 12

Developmental Theorists main proposition:

Answer 12

a dynamic process that potentially begins in childhood and occurs across the life course is indisputable

Question 13

Caused increase in White Collar Crime:

Answer 13

1 Vietnam, Watergate
2 Civil Rights Movement
3 Consumer and environmental movements

Question 14

White Collar Crime defined

Answer 14

crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation

Question 15

Theories behind White Collar Crime include:

Answer 15

1. Exposure to criminal culture (Differential Association)
2. Competitive financial world (Anomie)
3. Opportunities to offend (Routine Activities)
4. Decision-making by respectable offenders (Neutralization)

Question 16

Sutherland’s 3 important contributions to WCC

Answer 16

1 Introduced the idea of white collar crime
 “Crime” is not just behavior that results in an arrest
2 White collar crime does MORE damage than street crime
 Financial & social damage
 Challenged traditional criminological theories
3 Crime is not linked to the lower class (i.e. poverty, psychopathologies)

All crime = differential association and disorganization

Question 17

Examples of Crimes Against Consumers

Answer 17

1 Unsafe products
2 Antitrust violations
3 Oligopolistic market
4 Price Fixing (over $50 billion per year)