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Cardiac and Respiratory Physiology > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

7 types of respiratory muscles

A 
diaphragm
intercostals
upper airway muscles
accessory --scalene and sternalcolato mastoid 
abdominal---rectus
oblique
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2
Q

What are the two types of neural control of the respiratory system

A

reflex/automatic

voluntary

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3
Q

reflex control of respiratory system is located where?

A

central pattern generator medulla

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4
Q

voluntary control of nervous system is located where?

A

cortical motor center

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are important for upper airway?

A

IX-XII

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6
Q

Which nerves operate the diaphragm?

A

c3-c5

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7
Q

intercostal muscles are innervated by which nerve?

A

thoracic cord?

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8
Q

abdominal muscles are innervated by which nerve?

A

primary lumbar cord

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9
Q

reflex pathway is controlled by which nerves

A

reticulospinal

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10
Q

Voluntary pathway is controlled by which nerves?

A

corticospinal

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11
Q

3 properties of skeletal muscles

A

length-tension
energetics
fatigue

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12
Q

skeletal muscle oxygen consumption depends on what 2 factors

A

tension

velocity of shortening

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13
Q

Demand of respiratory muscles are a function of what 3 factors?

A

Compliance
Resistance
level of Ventilation

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14
Q

supply to respiratory system is what

A

O2 delivery to Respiratory System

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15
Q

2 functional components of diaphragm

A

costal fibers and crural fibers

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16
Q

Where do costal fibers arise from

A

lower ribs and xyphoid

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17
Q

Where do crural fibers arise from?

A

vertebrae

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18
Q

What are the two forces that lead to expansion of the rib cage?

A

insertional and zone of apposition

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19
Q

bucket handle effect of lower rib cage is an effect of appositinal or insertion force?

A

Insertional

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20
Q

diaphragm exerts force at insertion points on lower/upper ribcage?

A

lower

21
Q

lower ribcage and part of rib cage that has diaphragm is exposed to what kind of pressure

A

abdominal

22
Q

zone of apposition is where

A

portion of lower rib cage where diaphragm fibers directly apposed to rib cage

23
Q

when diaphragm contracts and descends, the pressure inside abdomen (decreases/increases) and this,,,,

A

increases

pushes out lower portion of ribcage

24
Q

vertically oriented movement of lower rib cage comes from insertional or appositional force?

A

insertional

25
Q

outward force on lower rib cage comes from insertional or appositional

A

apposition

26
Q

force on upper ribcage is direct/indirect

A

indirect

27
Q

What is Law of Laplace

A

P=T/r

28
Q

tension from diaphragm translates into

A

pressure difference

29
Q

What is paradoxical motion of diaphragm

A

when you breathe in pleural pressure becomes negative, and diaphragm goes up instead up down

30
Q

why is it difficult for people w/ diaphragmatic paralysis to breathe lying down?

A

no help from gravity

31
Q

What is plication?

A

diaphragm is sutured into a lower position

32
Q

When you breathe, stomach usually moves in/out

A

out

33
Q

activation of intercostal/scalenes ___rib cage especially ____ portion

A

expands

upper portion

34
Q

paradoxical rib cage motion for quadriplegic in relation to intercostals/scalenes

A

diaphragm contracts, pleural pressure goes up, upper rib cage gets sucked in

35
Q

expiratory muscles do what to abdominal pressure?

A

increase

36
Q

3 roles of expiratory muscles

A
  1. essential for cough
  2. increase time for inspiration
  3. mechanical benefit to inspiratory muscles
37
Q

upper airway muscles stop upper airway from

A

collapsing

38
Q

upper airway dysfunction can lead to

A

obstructive sleep apnea

39
Q

what is MIP

A

maximal inspiratory pressure

40
Q

What is MEP

A

maximal expiratory pressure

41
Q

MIP and MEP measure what?

A

assessment of respiratory muscle function

42
Q

hyperinflation causes what kind of impairment

5

A
  • shortening
  • decreased zone of apposition
  • loss of insertional component
  • increased radius of curvature (law of Laplace)
  • presence of ‘threshold’ load
43
Q

do inspiratory muscles lengthen or shorten during inflation?

A

shorten

44
Q

neuromuscular diseases do what to TLC, VC, and RV

A

TLC-decrease
VC- decrease
RV-increase

45
Q

if brain stem is injured how can that affect breathing

A

loss of reflex control

46
Q

What happens to airway resistance as lung volumes increase?

A

decreases

47
Q

What happens to lung compliance as volume increases?

A

decreases

48
Q

draw lung compliance curve

A

draw

49
Q

draw chest wall compliance curve

A

draw

Cardiac and Respiratory Physiology (6 decks)

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