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Anatomy > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

In what order does the heart pump blood through the blood vessels?

A

arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → back to heart

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2
Q

The L side of the heart contains _ blood, while the R side of the heart contains _ blood.

A) Deoxygenated ; Oxygenated
B) Oxygenated ; Deoxygenated

A

B) Oxygenated ; Deoxygenated

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3
Q

What’s the difference between pericardium & visceral pericardium?

A

Pericardium: Covering over heart and large blood vessels

Visceral pericardium: Inner layer of serous membrane; attached to surface of heart; also called the epicardium

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4
Q

What are the 3 distinct heart walls?

A

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

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5
Q

Outer layer - thin layer

AKA “visceral pericardium”

Serous membrane of connective tissue covered w/ epithelium & include blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, & nerve fibers
* Forms protective outer covering
* Secrete serous fluid

A

Epicardium

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6
Q

Middle layer - thickest layer

Composed of cardiac muscle tissue

Cardiac muscle tissue separated by connective tissue & include blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, & nerve fibers
* Contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

Inner layer - thin layer

Membrane of epithelium & underlying connective tissue, Including blood vessels
* Forms protective inner lining of all heart chambers & valves

A

Endocardium

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8
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart & their function?

A

Right atrium: Receives blood returning from systemic circuit (from the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus); pumps blood to right ventricle.

Right ventricle: Receives blood from the right atrium; pumps blood to lungs.

Left atrium: Receives blood from the pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle.

Left ventricle: Receives blood from the left atrium; pumps blood to systemic circuit

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9
Q

What are the 4 valves or the heart & their function?

A

Tricuspid Valve:
* Prevents blood from moving from R ventricle into the R atrium during ventricular contraction
* Located in R atrioventricular Orifice

Pulmonary Valve:
* Prevents blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk into the R ventricle during ventricular relaxation
* Located in entrance to pulmonary trunk

Mitral Valve / Bicuspid Valve:
* Prevents blood from moving from the L ventricle into the L atrium during ventricular contraction
* Located in L atrioventricular Orifice

Aortic Valve:
* Prevents blood from moving from aorta into L ventricle during ventricular relaxation
* Located in entrance to aorta

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10
Q

How does blood flow through the heart?

A
  1. Blood from systemic circuit
  2. Venae cavae & coronary sinus
  3. R atrium (through tricuspid valve)
  4. R ventricle (through pulmonary valve)
  5. Pulmonary trunk
  6. Pulmonary arteries
  7. Pulmonary capillaries / Lungs
  8. Pulmonary veins
  9. L atrium (through mitral / bicuspid valve)
  10. L ventricle (through aortic valve)
  11. Aorta
  12. Blood from systemic circuit
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11
Q

The _ _ drains blood from the heart wall to the coronary sinus.

A) Cardiac veins
B) Cardiac artery
C) Coronary sinus
D) Coronary artery

A

A) Cardiac veins

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12
Q

The _ _ returns deoxygenated blood to the R atrium.

A) Cardiac veins
B) Cardiac artery
C) Coronary sinus
D) Coronary artery

A

C) Coronary sinus

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13
Q

What happens during atrial systole and ventricular diastole of the cardiac cycle?

A

The ventricles are relaxed.

The A-V valves open and the semilunar valves close.

About 70% of blood flows passively from atria into ventricles.

Atrial systole pushes the remaining 30% of blood into the ventricles, causing ventricular pressure to increase

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14
Q

What happens during ventricular systole and atrial diastole of the cardiac cycle?

A

The A-V valves close.

The chordae tendineae prevent the cusps of the valves from bulging too far backward into the atria.

The atria relax.

Blood flows into atria from venae cavae and pulmonary veins.

The ventricular pressure increases and opens the semilunar valves.

Blood flows into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.

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15
Q

A group of clumps and strands of specialized cardiac muscle tissue, which initiates and distributes impulses throughout the myocardium
* Coordinates the events of the cardiac cycle.

  1. SA Node
  2. Atrial syncytium (In atrial walls)
  3. Junctional fibers
  4. AV Node
  5. AV bundle
  6. Bundle branches
  7. Purkinje fibers
  8. Ventricular syncytium (In ventricular walls)
A

Cardiac Conduction System

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16
Q

Define the following components of the cardiac conduction system:

SA Node
Internodal Atrial Muscle
Junctional fibers
AV (Atrioventricular) Node:
AV (Atrioventricular) Bundle (of His)
Left and Right Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibers

A

SA (Sinoatrial) Node: Pace maker; Initiates rhythmic contractions of the heart

Internodal Atrial Muscle: Conducts impulses from SA node to atria

Junctional fibers: Conducts impulses from SA node to AV node

AV (Atrioventricular) Node: Delays impulse, so that atria finish contracting before ventricles contract. Conducts impulses to AV Bundle

AV (Atrioventricular) Bundle (of His): Conducts impulses rapidly between SA node and bundle branches.

Left and Right Bundle Branches: Split off from AV bundle, conduct impulses to Purkinje fibers on both sides of heart.

Purkinje fibers: Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular myocardium.

17
Q

What are the waves of an EKG called?

A

P wave: Atrial depolarization; occurs just prior to atrial contraction.

QRS complex (3 waves): Ventricular depolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular contraction.

T wave: Ventricular repolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation

ST segment: Ventricular contraction

18
Q

What are the intervals of an EKG?

A

PQ (PR) interval: 0.12-0.20 s

QRS wave: < 0.12 s

QT interval: 0.34-0.43 s

19
Q

List & describe the 5 types of blood vessels:

A

Arteries: carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart.

Arterioles: receive blood from the arteries, and carry it to the capillaries.

Capillaries: sites of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells.

Venules: receive blood from the capillaries, and conduct it to veins.

Veins: receive blood from venules, and carry it back to the atria of the heart.

20
Q

Which of the following helps make up an artery? (SATA)

A) Lumen
B) Valve
C) Endothelium of tunica interna
D) Connective tissue (Elastic & collagen fibers)
E) Tunica media
F) Tunica externa

A

A) Lumen
C) Endothelium of tunica interna
D) Connective tissue (Elastic & collagen fibers)
E) Tunica media
F) Tunica externa

21
Q

Which of the following helps make up a vein? (SATA)

A) Lumen
B) Valve
C) Endothelium of tunica interna
D) Connective tissue (Elastic & collagen fibers)
E) Tunica media
F) Tunica externa

A

All of the above

22
Q

What are the 3 layers (or tunica) of an artery?

A

Tunica interna (intima): innermost layer

Tunica media: smooth muscle & elastic tissue

Tunica externa (adventitia): outer layer, connective tissue

23
Q

Blood vessel form what 2 pathways?

A

Pulmonary circuit.

Systemic circuit

24
Q

Blood in pulmonary arteries and arterioles is low in O2 and high in CO2.

Gas exchange occurs in pulmonary (alveolar) capillaries.

Blood in pulmonary venules and veins is rich in O2 and low in CO2.

Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → right and left pulmonary arteries → lobar branches, repeated divisions → pulmonary arterioles → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary venules and veins → left atrium.

A

Pulmonary circuit

25
Q

Oxygen-rich blood moves from left atrium to left ventricle.

Contraction of left ventricle sends blood into systemic circuit

Left ventricle → aorta → all arteries and arterioles leading to body tissues → systemic capillaries → systemic venules and veins → right atrium

A

Systemic circuit

26
Q

The following parts of the heart can best be heard where?

aortic valve
pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve
mitral valve

A

Aortic valve: Best heard in the second intercostal space right of the sternum

Pulmonary valve: Best heard in the second intercostal space left of the sternum

Tricuspid valve: Best heard at the fifth intercostal space left of the sternum

Mitral valve: Best heard in the fifth intercostal space on the left at the nipple line

27
Q

The wall that seprates the upper chambers of the heart is the _ , & the wall that seprates the lower chambers of the heart is the _ .

A) Interatrial septum ; interventricular septum
B) Endocardium ; pericardium
C) Chordae tendinae ; papillary muscles
D) Interventricular septum ; interational septum

A

A) Interatrial septum ; interventricular septum

The wall that seprates the upper chambers of the heart is the Interatrial septum , & the wall that seprates the lower chambers of the heart is the interventricular septum.

28
Q

Where are the following valves located?

Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

A

Mitral valve: Between L atria & Ventrical

Tricuspid valve: Between R atria & ventrical

Aortic valve: Between L ventrical & aorta

Pulmonary valve: between R ventrical & pulmonary trunk

29
Q

Contraction of the R ventrical leads to what?

A) Closing of mitral valve
B) Opening of mitral valve
C) Closing of tricuspid valve
D) Opening of tricuspid valve

A

C) Closing of tricuspid valve

30
Q

Specialized cells w/in the heart initate impulses & coordinate the cardiac cycle are part of the _.

A) Coronary Circulation system
B) Thrombolytic system
C) Symbolic-diastolic quadrangle
D) Cardiac conduction system

A

D) Cardiac conduction system

Anatomy (5 decks)

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