Quiz #4 Flashcards
What happens to CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS with HYPERVENTILATION and HYPOVENTILATION?
HYPERventilation = LOWER carbon dioxide levels (HYPOCAPNIA) –> respiratory alkalosis
HYPOventilation = HIGHER carbon dioxide levels due to inadequate breathing
What is the FIRST INTERVENTION when a person comes into the emergency department with WHEEZING, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, COUGH, and TACHYPNEA (common to COPD or ASTHMA FLARE)?
Need BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY – can require back to back NEBULIZER TREATMENTS or hour long nebs
What is a PNEUMOTHORAX?
LUNG COLLAPSE due to entry of AIR INTO THE PLEURAL SPACE
What is PLEURAL EFFUSION?
Presence of FLUID in the PLEURAL SPACE
What is the method to REPAIR a BONE FRACTURE that is DISPLACED, where the bone sections PARTIALLY LOSE CONTACT with each other?
REDUCTION and IMMOBILIZATION for 2-6 weeks
Define OSTEOPOROSIS
POROUS BONE and/or POORLY MINERALIZED BONE
REDUCED BONE MASS OR DENSITY and an imbalance of bone resorption and formation
By the time abnormalities are detected on x-rays, up to 25-30% OF BONE TISSUE MAY HAVE BEEN LOST
What is the PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of GOUT?
Related to PURINE metabolism
– PURINE synthesis or breakdown is ACCELERATED –> POOR URIC ACID SECRETION in the kidneys
What is RHABDOMYOLYSIS and what LAB TEST is ordered to determine if someone has this condition?
Life-threatening COMPLICATION OF SEVERE MUSCLE TRAUMA with MUSCLE CELL LOSS; RAPID BREAKDOWN OF MUSCLE that causes the release of intracellular components
CLASSIC TRIAD: MUSCLE PAIN, WEAKNESS, DARK URINE
ELEVATED CK (creatine kinase)
What is GERD and how is it TREATED?
GERD is GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (acid and pepsin reflux from the stomach into the esophagus causing esophagitis
–> heartburn, chronic cough, laryngitis, asthma attacks, sinusitis, and upper abdominal pain within 1 hour of eating
TREATMENT = PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
Define SEQUESTRUM
Sections of DEAD BONE from PERIOSTEAL SEPARATION (result of OSTEOMYELITIS - infectious bone disease)
