Quiz 4 Flashcards
What are the 2 proposed pathways for initiating OA?
- Microinjury to subchondral bone
- decrease in chondrocytes synthetic and repair abilities
What are commonly affected joints in OA?
Cervical and lumbar spine, first CMC, IPs, hip, knee, subtalar, first MTP
Where are herbeden’s nodes found?
DIP of fingers
What is the class IV functional status of RA?
limited ability to perform self-care, vocational and avocational activities
In which stage of RA might someone have bony ankylosis?
stage IV
Ibuprofen and vioxx are which class of drugs?
NSAIDS
Methotrexate is which class of drugs?
DMARD
Which type of muscle contraction is recommended for someone in an RA flare up?
isometric
RA is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks its own _____?
collagen
which condition best describes someone with low back pain greater than 3 months and decreased chest expansion?
ankylosing spondylitis
what are symptoms of uveitis?
redness of eye, pain, photophobia, floating in eyes
What is the name of the protein receptor attached to the cell membrane of white blood cells and correlates with some autoimmune diseases?
HLAB27
Reiter’s disease is thought to be caused by a _______ infection?
bacterial
Which condition causes someone to develop a butterfly rash?
Lupus
what is the name of protein in gluten that is an amino acid chain not completely broken down?
gliadin
sjogren’s disease mainly affects these 2 glands
salivary glands and lacrimal glands
the process projecting superiorly of the axis is called?
dens (odontoid)
the outer fibers of the disc are called?
annulus
what are possible causes of a pinched nerve?
degenerative joint disease, bone spur, tumor, disc protrusion/herniation
what are 2 PT treatments that may be helpful to a disc protrusion?
mackenzie exercises, traction
which treatment involves repeated extensions to centralize radicular pain from a disc injury?
mackenzie exercises
name 3 ligaments supporting the vertebral column?
anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, ligamentum flavum
name the surgical procedure that involves cutting the area near the spinous process to access the spinal foramen?
laminectomy
which soft tissues could be torn in whiplash?
disc, ligament, joint capsule, muscle, tendon
what is a grade IV on the WAD scale?
neck pain with fracture/disc dislocation
what factors could affect the severity of whiplash?
vehicle under 30km/h, wearing seatbelt, head turned, history, impact from behind
name the condition which causes excessive kyphosis in children
scheuermann’s disease
a measurement of more than ____ degrees is considered a kyphosis deformity?
40 degrees
in scheuermann’s disease, these small pockets can form in the vertebral body as disc material presses into the body
schmorels nodes
this brace is often prescribed to young people diagnosed with scheuermann’s disease
Milwaukee brace
the brace is not helpful for deformities more than _____ degrees
65 degrees
this surgery for scheuerrman’s may be done if the deformity is more than 75 degrees
combined fusion
people with lumbar instability may feel worse in this position
extension
potential causes for SIJD are?
falls, pregnancy, shorter leg, car accidents, sports injury
possible treatments for SIJD are?
SI belt, core stability exercises, prolo therapy (PRP)
what is the condition where one vertebrae slides forward compared to the one below it?
spondylolisthesis
the most commom cause of death in canada is?
cancer
the most common type of cancer in men is?
prostate
what does TMN staging stand for?
T- tumor
N- node
M- metastasis
What percent of cancer is preventable?
50%
this procedure involves expanding a coronary artery with a balloon catheter
balloon angiopathy (and stent)
this procedure is when a vein is attached around a blocked coronary artery
CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
this type of diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle choices and causes the cells to be less sensitive to insulin
type 2
who discovered insulin?
frederick banting, charles best and JJR macleod
two types of COPD are?
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
treatment for chronic pain should be?
biopsychosocial
what is it called when the brain becomes sensitized to chronic pain and the homunculus changes?
Cortical reorganization/ central sensitization
what are the 3 parts of the default mode network?
posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobe
what are psychological treatments for pain?
CBT, graded motor imagery, EMDR
what type of sleep wave is necessary for processing memories?
slow wave sleep
john sarno labels chronic pain as?
the brain protecting you from intense emotions
sarno believes the cause of TMS is?
brain reduces blood flow to spinal nerves to reduce pain
lorimer moseley did an experiment where red light caused?
report of increased pain
these groups experience the highest rates of chronic pain
women over 65, indigenous people
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