Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is motor control?
The ability to maintain and change posture and movement due to neurological and mechanical processes
Which treatment theory is top down and emphasizes integration of reflexes?
Hierarchical
Whats the other one lol
systems
What are the primitive reflexes?
Rooting, palmar grasp, flexor withdrawl, moro reflex, plantar support
What are the tonic reflexes?
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex, symmetric tonic neck reflex, Tonic labyrinthine reflex
When are most reflexes integrated by?
4-6 months
Where is the motor cortex?
Back of frontal lobes.
Is the corticospinal tract ascending or descending?
Descending
What is the resting membrane potential of most neurons?
-70 to -90 mV
What is it called when an action potential jumps at gaps in the myelin sheath?
Saltatory conduction
Where do most corticospinal tracts cross over?
Medulla oblongata
Where do the spinothalamic tracts end?
Somatosensory cortex
What are the 3 phases of motor learning?
Cognitive, associative, autonomous.
Which phase of motor learning involves practicing but making mistakes?
Associative
In the systems model which sway strategy is used first for postural control?
ankle strategy
What age do infants develop head control?
4 months
what age to children learn to walk?
12 months
who developed the NDT treatments (neuro-developmental aka heirarchical) for motor control?
bobath
who developed the PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) treatment approach?
Kabat, Knott, Voss
Which stage of brunnstrom stages of recovery is flaccidity?
stage 1
what stage of the ashworth scale of spasticity is stage 4?
high spasticity, no movement
Is clonus hypotonicity or hypertonicity?
hypertonicity
What type of movement will stimulate the muscle spindle?
a quick stretch
is parkinson’s disease an UMN or LMN condition?
UMN
Is exaggerated reflexes an UMN or LMN sign?
UMN
is polio an UMN or LMN condition?
LMN
What are facilitation techniques?
contact over agonist, quick stretch, icing, diagonal patterns, tapping, distraction
What condition is facilitation techniques required?
Flaccidity
What are inhibition techniques?
contact antagonist, rocking, slow movements, heat, compression
What condition is inhibition techniques used?
Spasticity
What are 3 types of stroke?
Thrombosis (clot), embolus (travelling), hemorrhage (burst)
Which artery is most commonly affected in a CVA?
Middle cerebral artery
What type of vascular injury subsides after 24h with no residual deficits?
TIA
What are signs of an MCA stroke?
-contralateral hemiplegia (UE)
-homonymous hemianopsia (vision loss in half of eyes)
-sensory deficit in UE
-aphasia
-dysarthria
Which condition is loss of vision in half of both eyes?
homonymous hemianopsia
signs of ACA stroke
-lower extremities affected
-incontinence
-contralateral hemiparesis
-sensory loss
-memory impairment
-aphasia, apraxia
What are 2 signs of an ICA stroke?
coma, death
signs of vertebrobasilar stroke
-visual loss
-homonymous hemianopsia
-facial numbness
-tinnitus
-dysarthria
-dysphagia
-hemiparesis
-loss of pain/temp
what are 2 UE complications following stroke?
shoulder subluxation, CRPS
what are some techniques to refine motor control in the late stage of stroke rehab?
coordination training, endurance, joint mobilization, modalities, cutaneous stimulation
