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THER 230 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of a TBI for an infant?

A

Abuse/neglect

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2
Q

Most common cause of TBI for high school age?

A

Motor vehicle accident

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3
Q

What are the 2 major categories for TBIs?

A

Open and closed

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4
Q

What are examples of anoxic brain injuries?

A

Drowning, strangulation, smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide poisoning

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5
Q

What are 2 secondary effects of a closed brain injury?

A

bleeding, swelling

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6
Q

What predicts the outcome of a TBI?

A

Age, previous level of functioning, severity, coma, post-traumatic amnesia

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7
Q

What is the lowest score on the GCS?

A

3

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8
Q

What is the GCS classification of a severe brain injury?

A

3-8

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9
Q

What is the brain cell that prevents healing of the axon?

A

Astrocyte

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10
Q

What is it called when the brain is capable of axonal sprouting?

A

Neuroplasticity

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of concussions?

A

Car accidents

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12
Q

What is the most common age group to get concussions?

A

under 4 years old

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13
Q

Which youth sport has the highest concussion rate?

A

Female soccer

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14
Q

Which response can be seen after a moderate TBI?

A

Fencing response

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15
Q

What force causes more diffuse damage and is more likely to cause a DAI?

A

Rotational force

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16
Q

The signs and symptoms of a concussion are the result of?

A

An energy crisis

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17
Q

What are red flags after a person has a suspected concussion?

A

severe headache, drowsiness, seizures, decreased LOC, confusion, numb limbs, slurred speech, fluid from ears, black eyes, vomiting, memory loss before injury

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18
Q

The energy crisis in a concussion is due to restricted blood flow from which ions rushing into/out of the cell?

A

Potassium rushing out and calcium rushing in

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19
Q

Which neurotransmitter spikes at the synaptic junctions after a concussion?

A

Glutamate

20
Q

Most concussions resolve in how long?

A

7-10 days

21
Q

What is it called when symptoms persist for months/years after the incident?

A

Post concussion syndrome

22
Q

How long should a person wait before returning to sports after a concussion?

A

30 days

23
Q

What is the most effective treatment for a concussion?

A

Education and reassurance, light aerobic activity

24
Q

Which test can be administered on the sideline if concussion is suspected?

A

SCAT

25
Q

What test determines the level of cardiovascular stress to start exercise at?

A

Buffalo treadmill test

26
Q

What law ensures coaches have concussion training?

A

Rowan’s law

27
Q

What is the most common cause of a SCI?

A

tumors, growths, stroke, car accidents

28
Q

The most common area of SCI to cause paraplegia?

A

Thoracic area

29
Q

What is the descending tract that carries motor info?

A

corticospinal tract

30
Q

What type of force leads to anterior cord syndrome?

A

Hyperflexion

31
Q

What are the 4 types of incomplete spinal injuries?

A

Central cord syndrome, anterior cord syndrome, posterior cord syndrome, brown sequard syndrome

32
Q

A grade 3 muscle test is?

A

The muscle can move the joint against gravity through full ROM

33
Q

C6 tests which myotomes

A

biceps/brachioradialis

34
Q

L5 tests which muscles?

A

tibialis anterior

35
Q

what is a radiculopathy?

A

a nerve root process

36
Q

what is “A” on the ASIA scale?

A

complete

37
Q

Neurogenic shock involves which chain?

A

Sympathetic chain

38
Q

what is a cause of brown-sequard?

A

penetrating trauma

39
Q

what level does autonomic dysreflexia occur at?

A

T6 and above

40
Q

what level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2, called conus medullaris

41
Q

what are leading causes of death following SCI?

A

pneumonia, embolus, septicemia

42
Q

what is a cause of autonomic disfunction?

A

any disease that damages the sympathetic/parasympathetic NS (ex. diabetes, parkinsons)

43
Q

What are signs of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

high bp, headaches, sweating, facial erythma, goosebumps, blurred vision

44
Q

what do you do for autonomic dysreflexia?

A

check for bladder or bowel obstruction

45
Q

what type of breathing should someone who is C1-4 quad learn?

A

glossopharyngeal

46
Q

what are the myotomes?

A

C5- deltoid
C6- biceps
C7- triceps
C8- FDS (wrist flexors)
T1- DABs (finger abductors)
L2- iliopsoas (hip flexors)
L4- quadricep
L5- tibialis anterior (foot dorsiflexion)
S1- gastrocnemius (foot plantarflexion)

THER 230 (4 decks)

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