Quiz 4 Flashcards
Immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection from sickness or a vaccine
Active immunity
Immunity you develop through antibodies transferred from mom to baby (birth, breastmilk)
Passive immunity
Any substance that prepares the immune system to recognize/respond to a pathogen resulting in immunity/protection
Vaccine
A type of vaccine that contains weakened or inactivated whole antigens
Whole Agent Vaccines
A type of vaccine that contains only a part of the antigen
Fragment Vaccinations
Type of vaccine that contains RNA to make virus proteins
mRNA/ Viral Vector Vaccines
Type of vaccine that contains weakened microbes
Live, attenuated vaccines
Examples of live, attenuated vaccines
MMR, varicella, rotavirus, intranasal influenza
Type of vaccine that contains dead pathogens
Inactivated vaccines
Examples of inactivated vaccines
Polio, Hep. A, cholera, typhoid, plague
Type of vaccine that contains inactivated toxins
Toxoid vaccines
Examples of toxoid vaccines
DTaP, Botulism
Type of vaccine that contains a part of the antigen that induces a strong immune response
Subunit vaccines
Examples of subunit vaccines
Meningitis, Pneumonia, Hep. B
Type of vaccine that contains weak antigens (glycocalyx) attached to strong antigens like tetanus toxin or diphtheria toxin
Conjugative vaccines
Examples of a conjugative vaccine
Hib (Haemophilus Influenza)
Type of vaccine that codes for the virus spike protein (in a lipid coating)
mRNA vaccine
Examples or mRNA vaccines
Covid
Type of vaccines that use a harmless virus to attach genetic material to cells
viral vector vaccines
Examples of artificially acquired passive immunity
transfer of antibody-rich serum
Examples of viral vector vaccines
measles virus, and adenovirus
Goal of herd immunity
enough people being vaccinated that the likelihood of an infected individual coming in contact with a susceptible individual is low
Indicators of disease someone else can measure
signs (fever, vomiting)
Indicators of disease that other people can’t see/measure
symptoms ( headache, nausea, fatigue)
Process of combing signs and symptoms to find the most likely cause of an illness
differential diagnosis
Type of infection where the pathogen invades on its own
primary infection
Type of infection where the pathogen needs a deficiency in the innate immune system to invade the host
opportunistic infection
Type of infection that takes advantage of conditions created by an initial infection by another pathogen
secondary infection
term for bacteria growing in the blood stream
septicemia
inflammatory response to septicemia that results in organ failure
sepsis
Multiplication of a microbe in a host producing inflammation in the infected tissue
infection
what is the result of most infections in a healthy individual
the immune system response with strong resistance and the individual is unaware of the infection
A tissue/ organ in damaged due to strong prescence of a pathogen and/or low immune response
disease
order of stages in disease progression:
Incubation Period > Prodromal Phase > Acute Period > Period of Decline > Period of Convalescence
what is the 7 step program for pathogens invading hosts?
1) Establish recevoir
2) Transport to host
3) Breach host barriers
4) Evade destruction
5) Multiply
6) Damage the host
7) Leave the host (acute) or stay (chronic)
degree to which a pathogen is capable of causing disease
virulence
Example of a highly virulent pathogen
rabies
Example of a moderately virulent pathogen
cold, flu
structure/molecule a pathogen has that increases its ability to invade/cause disease in a host
virulent factor
Degrees of virulence depends on:
If it’s the right host for the pathogen
the host immunity
