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Bio 207 (micro) > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fast; non-specific immune system response

A

Innate Immune system

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2
Q

slow; specific immune system response

A

Acquired Immune system

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3
Q

components of the innate immune system

A

skin, mucus membranes, flora, chemical barriers

phagocytosis, inflammation, fever

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4
Q

components of the acquired immune system

A

specialized lymphocytes: B cells, T cells
antibodies

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5
Q

WBCs that produce chemicals resulting in inflammation, allergies, ect.

A

Basophils and Mast Cells (0.5-1%)

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6
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

1) maintain fluid levels
2) react to bacteria
3) flighting cancer forming cells
4) absorbing some of the fats in our diet

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7
Q

What is the benefit of microbial flora?

A

Microbial antagonism- competitive exclusion means there is no room for bad bacteria.
They produce toxins, alter pH, and O2 availability conditions

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8
Q

What is the function of chemical barriers?

A

destroy pathogens by breaking up peptidoglycan or binding iron so bacteria can’t extract and use it

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9
Q

Chemical in the stomach and bile that breaks up peptidoglycan

A

Lysozyme

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10
Q

A protein that binds iron tightly so bacteria can’t extract and use it

A

Lactoferrin

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11
Q

WBC that is phagocytic and eats large parasites

A

Eosinophils (2-4%)

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12
Q

WBC that is the most numerous in the body; also phagocytic

A

Neutrophil (60-70%)

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13
Q

which types of cells are lymphocytes

A

natural killer cells
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes

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14
Q

Type of WBCs that are the best phagocytes. They excel at the detection and destruction of pathogens. They also present antigens to T-cells and initiate inflammation by releasing cytokines

A

Monocytes/ Macrophages

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15
Q

WBCs that act like “tattle-tales”. They are involved in the initiation of the adaptive immune response

A

Dendritic Cells

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16
Q

Signaling proteins released by WBCs.

A

cytokines

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17
Q

Which kinds of WBCs use cytokines?

A

phagocytes, B cells, T cells

18
Q

A life threatening immune system over reaction where an overdose of cytokines damages healthy human cells

A

cytokine storm

19
Q

What is a common condition related to cytokine storms

A

ARDS (accuse respiratory distress syndrome)

20
Q

What is the max temp a human fever can run before resulting in death?

A

107F
41 C

21
Q

What is the function of TLRs?

A

Toll-like receptors bing to PAMPs on bacteria/viruses. They mediate human cell responses to pathogens. Different TLRs bind to specific pathogens

22
Q

A chemical that increases vasodilation and vascular permeability in an acute inflammation response

A

histamine

23
Q

Term for blood (WBCs) moving through blood vessels in the body

A

Diapedesis

24
Q

medical term for fluid and swelling

A

Edema

25
Q

Three steps of the immune response:

A

1) recognition phase- macrophages recognize trauma/infection
2) activation phase- immune cells release cytokines and other cell mediators
3) effector phase- phagocytes enter infection site and kill pathogens

26
Q

Three steps of phagocytosis

A

1) recognition phase- TLRs bind to PAMPs
2) activation phase- bacteria cells are internalized and fuse with lysosomes
3) effector phase- bacterial cells are digested and killed by the lysosomes (spit out by enzymes)

27
Q

Types of lymphocyte (within B and T cells) that attacks weird cells by secreting perforins and granzymes

A

natural killer cells

28
Q

glycoprotein that drills holes in the membrane of target cells

A

Perforin

29
Q

enzymes that induce cell death (apoptosis) in target cells

A

Granzymes

30
Q

A foreign substance that provokes B cells into producing antibodies. They’re free floating in the blood/lymph

A

Antigen

31
Q

Part of the antigen that is recognized by the host immune system

A

Epitope

32
Q

A molecule in/on an pathogen that stimulates the innate immune system (inflammation, non-specific phagocytosis)

A

PAMP

33
Q

Protein produced by B cells that target and bind a specific antigen (bind to epitopes)

A

Antibodies

34
Q

Forms the antigen binding site. Can have millions of different configurations

A

Variable region

35
Q

Determines the destination (body location) of an antibody and it’s type

A

Constant region

36
Q

Type of antibody that is produced first after B cell activation. High numbers indicate recent infection

A

IgM

37
Q

Type of antibody that makes up 80% of circulating antibodies. It provides immunity for fetuses and newborns

A

IgG; gamma globulin

38
Q

Type of antibody that provides resistance in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Secretary antibody.

A

IgA

39
Q

Where is IgA often found?

A

colostrum, tears

40
Q

Type of antibody that pays a role in allergic reactions

A

IgE

41
Q

Type of antibody that attaches to the surface of B cells (B cell receptors)

A

IgD

42
Q

What do activated B cells mature into?

A

plasma cells and memory cells

Bio 207 (micro) (5 decks)

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