Quiz 3 Summary Materials Flashcards
Classification of systolic murmurs
Classification of diastolic murmurs
Classification of continuous murmurs
Cardiac remodeling overview
All of the arterial blood supply to the brain in fetal circulation comes from ___.
All of the arterial blood supply to the brain in fetal circulation comes from the left ventricle.
Because, the ductus arteriosus comes after the branch of the carotids!!!! This is very important, as the high-oxygen level blood from the umbilical vein preferentially fills the left ventricle, and so blood going to the brain (via the carotids) and the heart (via the coronaries) is of a higher oxygen level than the blood going to the rest of the body.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn
Fetal lungs are unable to open due to lack of surfactant production
Factors that mediate closure of the ductus arteriosus
- Increased oxygen content
- Lack of prostaglandin E1 (was produced by placenta)
- Bradykinin produced by the lung
In ASD, blood goes ___ to ___, because ___.
In VSD, blood goes ___ to ___, because ___.
In ASD, blood goes left to right, because the right ventricle is more compliant.
In VSD, blood goes left to right, because the pulmonary resistance is lower than the systemic resistance.
Reading PR intervals on ECG
0.12-0.2 s is the normal range
ie, 3 small boxes - 1 large box
Smaller than 0.12 s may indicate an alternate conduction pathway
Greater than 0.2 s may indicate 1st degree AV block
Why does coronary perfusion pressure drop in aortic stenosis?
There is a decreased coronary pressure and constant venous pressure.
Therefore, there is a decreased perfusion perssure (arterial - venous).
And, there is an increased demand from concentric hypertrophy!
This is why angina is so common in aortic stenosis.
Monomorphous vs Polymorphous VT
Symptoms of VT
Depends on the HR, as well as underlying LV function and underlying CAD.
If very fast, it may compromise diastolic filling, leading to drop in stroke volume and hypotension, even with symptoms of poor brain confusion (lightheadedness, confusion, syncopy).
There is also low supply and high demand of oxygen in the heart, leading to ischemia.
When to tap a pleural effusion
Where does the fluid come from in cardiogenic pleural effusion?
It comes from the lung parenchyma itself, from the edema! It leaks in.
It does not come from the pulmonary hypertension, suprisingly.
It is usually a sign of chronic left sided heart failure, as it takes a while for the fluid to leak over from edema in the lung parenchyma.
Community acquired pneumonia guide
