Exercise physiology

Question 1

Crackles are essentially . . .

Answer 1

. . . the sound made by a sudden equilibriation of pressure between a collapsed alveolus and incoming air from a bronchiole. The sound of alveoli popping open.

Question 2

Conditions that affect alveolar stability

Answer 2

1. Things that affect surfactant function, like infection
2. Things that affect elastic recoil, like scarring

All together, these have in common: greater recoil force, that gives a smaller radius, leading to a greater pressure (Laplace’s law)

Question 3

Crackles are heard on ___.

Answer 3

Crackles are heard on inspiration.

Question 4

JVP and ECG correlates

Answer 4

Question 5

When would you see a really big v wave on JVP?

Answer 5

When you have tricuspid regurgitation

Question 6

Oxygen delivery and return equations

Answer 6

Delivery = C_aO₂ x CO

Return = C_vO₂ x CO

CO = cardiac output

C = total content (arterial vs venous)

Question 7

Oxygen consumption

Answer 7

Constumption = CO ( C_aO₂ - C_vO₂ )

Question 8

If CO goes down, consequently, in order to meet metabolic demands, the body must ___.

Answer 8

If CO goes down, consequently, in order to meet metabolic demands, the body must extract more oxygen per unit volume of blood.

This means C_vO₂ will go down as well.

Question 9

When you do exercise training, . . .

Answer 9

. . . cardiac output goes up and our ability to extract oxygen goes up because there are more mitochondria and a greater capillary density.