Quiz 3: Mutations and Natural Selection

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

change within a nucleic acid (1 or more bases)

Question 2

effects of mutations

Answer 2

silent effects, harmful, positive

Question 3

substitution in gene mutations

Answer 3

wrong base is matched

Question 4

insertion in gene mutation

Answer 4

extra base or bases are added in

Question 5

deletion in gene mutation

Answer 5

base is removed

Question 6

insertion and deletion

Answer 6

frameshift mutations

Question 7

duplication in chromosome mutations

Answer 7

extra copies of genes are generated

Question 8

deletion in chromosome mutations

Answer 8

where some of the genetic material breaks off

Question 9

inversion in chromosome mutation

Answer 9

when a broken segment gets reversed and on the chromosome

Question 10

translation in chromosome mutation

Answer 10

fragment of one breaks off and attaches to another

Question 11

vulnerable mutation times

Answer 11

DNA replication and Meosis

Question 12

nondisjunction

Answer 12

when chromosomes don’t completely separate

Question 13

fitness

Answer 13

how much offspring is produced

Question 14

odds of mutation

Answer 14

1 mistake for every 1 billion nucleotide pairs replicated

Question 15

point mutation

Answer 15

one nucleotide involved in gene mutation

Question 16

mutagen

Answer 16

substance or agent that causes a mutation

Question 17

physical mutagen examples

Answer 17

radioactive elements, x rays, UV rays

Question 18

chemical mutagen examples

Answer 18

organic chemicals in peptides, cigarette smoke, food preservatives

Question 19

biological mutagen examples

Answer 19

bacteria and viruses (STD’s)

Question 20

neutral result

Answer 20

no effect on organism

Question 21

positive result

Answer 21

mutation enhances organisms fitness

Question 22

negative mutation

Answer 22

mutation impaired organisms fitness

Question 23

genetic variation

Answer 23

differences among individuals in composition of genes or DNA, allows for natural selection

Question 24

natural selection

Answer 24

process where individuals with advantages are better able to reproduce and pass along their traits

Question 25

selective pressures

Answer 25

factors that reduce reproductive success in portion of population

Question 26

result of selection pressures

Answer 26

more successful traits are more prevalent in population, change in population

Question 27

adaptive radiation

Answer 27

describes the types of natural selection where different species appear from one original species

Question 28

bird species of finches in Galapagos

Answer 28

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