Quiz 2: Genetics Flashcards
What is a genotype?
2 alleles, that make a gene
What is a phenotype?
the characteristic of the phenotype
What are medallion traits?
1 trait or multiple trait punnet squares, use dominant and recessive traits
How do you find the offspring options of 2 multiple gene parents?
ex: HhBb x HhBb, first foil to find possibilities than make 16 square Punnett square
What is incomplete dominance?
ex: red x white flowers = pink flowers, still uses punnett square. Heterozygous genotype is the blended traits
What is codominance?
ex: black chickens x white chickens = white and black speckled chickens
What are multiple alleles?
Each letter in genotype is labeled, ex: blood type A = I^A I^A or I^Ai
What are sex linked chromosomes?
Alleles on sex chromosomes, typically found on the x. ex: hemophilia
What are the sex chromosomes for females?
xx
What are the sex chromosomes for males?
xy
Who was gregor mendel?
father of genetics
What is cross pollination?
when pollen lands on a stigma of another flower
How do pea plants create offspring? How are they fertilized?
self fertilized or cross fertilized
What are genes?
factors that determine your traits, located on chromosomes
What are polygenic traits?
When genes control one trait usually resulting in a wise range of phenotypes
What is autosomal?
a locus on any chromosome but a sex chromosome, not sex linked
What is complete linkage?
describes inheritance patterns for 2 genes on the same chromosome, when observed frequency for crossover between loci is zero
What is mendels law of independent assortment of alleles?
alleles of different genes are assorted independently of one another during formation of gametes
What is mendels law of segregation?
Alleles segregate from one another during the formation of gametes
What is non linkage?
likelihood of crossover between loci is at least one
What is partial linkage?
likelihood of crossever between loci is greater than zero but less than one
what is a wild type allele?
non-mutant form of a gene, encodings the normal genetic function, typically non dominant
