Quiz 3 - Chapter 4/5 Flashcards
(56 cards)
What are correctional programs?
Very specific activities clearly outlined and described in standardized manuals
Who delivers correctional programs?
High trained staff
What are correctional programs designed to do?
Help offenders understand that they are accountable for their criminal behaviour
Target risk factors
Teach skills for managing risk factors
Help change criminal attitudes
Reduce risk that offenders present when they return to society
Static factors
Historical, generally unchanging
Static factors that predict recidivism
Young age
Single marital status
Being male
Static factors that do not predict recidivism
Being a person of colour
Low SES
Dynamic factors
Potentially changeable social and psychological variables
Strongest predictors of recidivism (dynamic factors)
Procriminal attitudes
Antisocial peers
Antisocial personality/pattern
Education/employment
Substance use
Consistently small but significant predictors of recidivism (dynamic factors)
Family/marital problems
Financial problems
Accommodations
Clinical variables and recidivism
Most clinical variables had weak or inconsistent associations with general recidivism
Low intellectual ability
Personal distress
Psychosis
What are the opposite of risk factors?
Protective factors
What are protective factors linked to?
Positive, healthy, noncriminal outcomes
How to assess protective factors?
Structured Assessment of Protective Factors (SAPROF) in the Netherlands
Assesses personal, motivational, and external factors
Does SAPROF work?
Scores from Netherlands and Canada show that it does predict general recidivism
What ages does adolescent offending encompass?
12-17 years old
What is the minimum age in Canada to get charged?
12
Age-crime curve
Global phenomenon: Steep rise in antisocial behaviour during adolescence then gradual decline during adulthood
Explain life course persistent offenders
Behavioural programs begin in daycare and preschool
Many have ADHD, learning disabilities, academic difficulties
Weak bonds to family
Psychopathic traits
Linked to more serious and persistent future antisocial behaviour
Prevalence of life course persistent offenders
Trajectory seen in 3-10% of general population
But responsible for 50-70% of offending
Low-level chronics
Persistent but low levels of antisocial behaviour
As adult, high anxiety, depression, social isolation, work problems
Abstainers
No antisocial acts across the lifespan; well-adjusted, successful
What do biological theories have to say about adolescent offending?
Children with antisocial biological father tend to be more antisocial, even if raised apart
Genetics seem particularly influential regarding link between substance use and delinquency in males
Lower heart rate: Lower fear, need for sensation seeking
What kind of theory is the social-information-processing model?
Cognitive theory
Social-information-processing model
Cognitive deficits and distortions when problem-solving
Attend to fewer social and emotional cues
Hostile attribution bias
Limited problem-solving skills, resort to aggression
Reactive aggression
Proactive aggression