Quiz 3: Carbohydrates

Question 1

The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:

(a) Glucogenesis
(b) Gluconeogenesis
(c) Glycogenolyysis
(d) Glycolysis

Answer 1

(d) Glycolysis

Question 2

Which of the following biochemical processes is promoted by insulin?

(a) Glucogenolysis
(b) Glycogenolysis
(c) Lipolysis
(d) Uptake of glucose by the cells

Answer 2

(d) Uptake of glucose by the cells

Question 3

Which of the following is a storage form of glucose?

(a) Glucagon
(b) Glycogen
(c) Insulin
(d) Maltose

Answer 3

(b) Glycogen

Question 4

Which of the following is the reference method for measuring serum glucose?

(a) Glucose dehydrogenase
(b) Glucose oxidase (Trinder reaction)
(c) Hemoglobin A1c
(d) Hexokinase

Answer 4

(d) Hexokinase

Question 5

Which glucose method is subject to falsely low results caused by ascorbic acid/ascorbate?

(a) Glucose dehydrogenase
(b) Glucose oxidase (Trinder reaction)
(c) Hemoglobin A1c
(d) Hexokinase

Answer 5

(b) Glucose oxidase (Trinder reaction)

Question 6

Which of the following is a potential source of error in the hexokinase method for glucose testing?

(a) Ascorbic acid
(b) Galactosemia
(c) Hemolysis
(d) Sample collected in NaFl tube

Answer 6

(c) Hemolysis

Question 7

A fasting glucose level between 100-125 mg/dL is considered:

(a) Prediabetes
(b) Type 1 diabetes
(c) Type 2 diabetes
(d) Within reference intervals

Answer 7

(a) Prediabetes

Question 8

A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance level of 139 mg/dL is considered:

(a) Impaired glucose tolerance
(b) Type 1 diabetes
(c) Type 2 diabetes
(d) Within reference intervals

Answer 8

(d) Within reference intervals

Question 9

The traditional goal for Hgb A1c monitoring, and targeted value for most diabetics is?

(a) Monitor every 1 - 2 months, and have a Hgb A1c value <6%
(b) Monitor every 3 - 6 months, and have a Hgb A1c value <6%
(c) Monitor every 1 - 2 months, and have a Hgb A1c value <7%
(d) Monitor every 3 - 6 months, and have a Hgb A1c value <7%

Answer 9

(d) Monitor every 3 - 6 months, and have a Hgb A1c value <7%

Question 10

Which hemoglobin A1c value equates to an average blood glucose of less than 100 mg/dL for the prior 2-3 months?

(a) 5%
(b) 6.5%
(c) 7%
(d) 10%

Answer 10

(a) 5%

Question 11

Which glucose method catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose by adenosine triphosphate, forming glucose-6-phosphate and adenosine diphosphate with the absorbance of the NADPH product read at 340 nm?

(a) Glucose hydrogenase
(b) Glucose oxidase
(c) Hexokinase
(d) o-tludine

Answer 11

(c) Hexokinase

Question 12

A patient with hemolytic anemia will:

(a) Demonstrates and elevated Hgb A1c
(b) Shows a decrease in glycated Hgb value
(c) Show an increase in glycated Hgb value
(d) Show little or no change in glycated Hgb value

Answer 12

(b) Shows a decrease in glycated Hgb value

Question 13

In the fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the venous glucose concentration by ~ how many mg/dL?

(a) 1 mg/dL higher
(b) 5 mg/dL higher
(c) 10 mg/dL lower
(d) 15 mg/dL lower

Answer 13

(b) 5 mg/dL higher

Question 14

Which of the following is true about glucose preanalytical issues?

(a) Glycolytic inhibitors are necessary if the patient has a greatly increased WBC, which may cause differences up to 65 mg/dL.
(b) Refrigerate and separate serum/plasma from cells within minutes
(c) Grey-top (NaF) used for whole blood and inhibits glycolysis but not right away so glucose levels can drop 10 mg/dL in 4 hours or less
(d) All of the above

Answer 14

(d) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following results falls within the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

(a) Fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL or greater
(b) Glucose 200 mg/dL or greater at 2 hours after an oral dose of 75 g of glucose
(c) Random/nonfasting plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL with symptoms (polyuria, increased thirst, weight loss)
(d) All of the above

Answer 15

(d) All of the above

Question 16

What statement about glucose in CSF of adults is correct?

(a) CSF glucose is normally the same as plasma glucose
(b) CSF glucose levels below 40 mg/dL usually occur in septic meningitis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis
(c) CSF glucose levels above 80 mg/dL are seen in hypoglycemia
(d) In some conditions CSF glucose can be higher than plasma glucose

Answer 16

(b) CSF glucose levels below 40 mg/dL usually occur in septic meningitis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis

Question 17

Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine via nitroprusside reagents provides a semiquantitative measure of:

(a) Acetoacetate
(b) Acetone
(c) All the ketone bodies
(d) Beta-hydroxybutyrate

Answer 17

(a) Acetoacetate

Question 18

Which of the following is true about ketone bodies?

(a) The qualitative dipstick method detects acetone
(b) Betahydroxybutyrate enzymatic method is perferred because found in highest concentration
(c) The ketone bodies are made up of acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate
(d) All of the above are true

Answer 18

(b) Betahydroxybutyrate enzymatic method is perferred because found in highest concentration

Question 19

The following is true about urinary albumin:

(a) Assessing low levels of albumin in urine can be done with a direct immunoassay
(b) Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing renal disease so the urinary albumin is the important test
(c) Urinary albuminuria was formerly called microalbuminuria
(d) All of the above

Answer 19

(d) All of the above

Question 20

What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency?

(a) Lactose load and measure breath hydrogen by gas chromatography
(b) LDH enzyme level
(c) Plasma ladolase level
(d) D-oxylose test

Answer 20

(a) Lactose load and measure breath hydrogen by gas chromatography