Quiz 3 Flashcards
Cost
The monetary value expanded to produce a garment style
Price
The monetary value or revenue that is collected from the customer who purchases the product
Profit
When the price exceeds the cost
Profit and loss statement
A simplified chart that provides a skeleton outline of the accounting categories, with just the totals, to show the status of the business
Cost of goods
Includes all variable and fixed costs
Variable costs
Costs that increase or decrease in direct proportion to the number of units produced, such as labor, materials, and freight
Fixed costs
Costs remain the same no matter how many units are produced and may include telephone bills, rent property payments, taxes, benefit expenses for employees, and expenses for personnel other than construction labor
Direct labor
Wages for cutters and sewers and overhead
Overhead
All the expenses in addition to materials and direct labor that are required of a contractor or manufacturer at the factory level to produce and deliver garments to the entity that ordered them
Indirect labor
Wages of individuals who provide essential support to the production process but do not actually make the product such as QA personnel, maintenance, and security
Gross margin
The amount left over after the cost of goods sold is subtracted from net sales
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing costs such as sales personnel, showrooms, and advertising; the cost of discounts and chargebacks
Chargebacks
Refunds on returned goods
Bill of materials
A detailed list of materials developed for each style before it is made into a sample or put out for bids. This list identifies actual materials used to construct one sample/prototype garment
Fallout
Wasted fabric that occurs when cutting production pattern pieces from yardage
Free on board (FOB)
Ownership is transferred to the importer when the goods are loaded on a transporting vehicle
Free on board (FOB) destination
When the exporter or offshore contractor has included in the price of goods the transportation to port, the handling and loading aboard the vessel, cost of quota (if applicable), duty, and transportation to the ultimate port or distribution center
Estimated landed cost
Price includes the total product cost plus shipping costs and duty charges before wholesale and store markups are added
Gross
Twelve dozen or 144 pieces. Closures are often purchased by the gross.
List price
Suggested retail price
Discounts and allowances
Reductions in the list price that are granted by manufacturers to their customers
Wholesale price
The list price of a garment minus all discounts and allowances. This is the price the retailer actually pays a manufacturer for a product
Markup
The amount a retailer will add to their cost of goods, or the wholesale price, to achieve the retail price charged to customer for an item
Target market pricing
A pricing strategy used by branded manufacturers that prices merchandise at what merchandisers perceive the market will bear
Prestige pricing
A pricing strategy that assumes customers will pay more for products that are perceived as special in terms of aesthetics, name recognition, quality, value, or service
Duty
Tariff or tax on imported goods
Keystone
50% markup
Calculate yardage needed
- Convert inches to decimal
2. Convert yardage from x wide to y wide goods
Calculate fabric cost
Yardage needed x fabric price per yard
Calculate total SAM for labor
Cutting SAM + Sewing SAM
Calculate labor price per minute
Wage per hour/60 minutes
Calculate labor cost
Labor price per minute x total SAM
Calculate price per unit if price given is price per gross
Price per gross/144
Calculate price per unit if price given is price per great gross
Price per great gross/1728
Calculate cost of findings
Price per unit x amount of units needed
Calculate factory MU
Total cost of item + $ Factory MU
Calculate wholesale MU
Estimated landed cost (ELC) x MU%
Calculate total cost of garment before store MU
ELC + $ wholesale MU
Calculate duty charges
Total FOB x duty rate
Calculate cost of garment after duty is added
Total FOB + duty charges
Calculate store MU
(Retail cost - wholesale cost)/retail cost x 100
