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E Asian Poli Systems > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why the miracle?

A

E asian values; neoliberal: right market, export comparative advantage of highly trained low cost labor; historic/regional background; role of the state

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2
Q

World economic framework modernization theory

A

Traditional societies-> modern societies through similar development stages

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3
Q

World economic framework neo-liberalist theory

A

Free trade has comparative advantage

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4
Q

World economic frameworks globalization theory

A

Developed helps developing with FDI, trade, etc

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5
Q

World economic frameworks communist theory

A

Capitalist (imperialists) v socialists

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6
Q

World economic framework world systems theory

A

Hierarchy of nations and division of labor among center and peripheral, hegemonic/core status

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7
Q

Flying geese model

A

Industrial life cycle-> division of labor among E Asian countries (linked via trade, investment, tech)->promoting economic growth

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8
Q

Political implications of flying geese model

A

International order in region as hierarchy; does this justify Japanese colonization?

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9
Q

Basics of E Asia dev model

A

Macroeconomic management, financial system as intermediaries between savings and investment, education policy: human capital

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10
Q

E Asian dev model guiding economic dev

A

ISI-> export-led growth, encouraging right industry with industrial policies, and cooperating with private sector

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11
Q

E asia industrial policies to encourage right industry

A

Protecting young industry, adapting foreign tech, encouraging tech innovation, promoting selects industries with direct credit, encourage competition by rewarding winners

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12
Q

E Asian dev model on Japan

A

Ministry of intl trade and industry; zaibatsu backed by banks; industrial upgrading (textiles-> heavy industry -> auto/electronics); education=human capital; 3 sacred treasures to promote productivity

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13
Q

3 sacred treasures of Japan dev

A

Lifetime employment systems; seniority wage systems; enterprise unionism

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14
Q

Caveat to Japanese model of dev

A

Japan was re industrializing

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15
Q

E Asian dev model on Taiwan

A

Import sub 1953-61, export expansion and heavy/Chem industry (HCI) 1963-78

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16
Q

E Asian dev model on korea

A

Developmental state->planning and assistance->sustained dev, low inflation, high employment
Authoritarian-> labor oppression and military->chaebol collusion
Local capital chaebol->HCI->state partner for dev
Foreign capital->grants, loans

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17
Q

Differences in e Asian dev model with Taiwan and korea

A

SK: big chaebols; Taiwan: SMEs

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18
Q

Similarities in E Asian dev model with Taiwan and Korea

A

Japanese colonial experience, dev strategies, social/political problems (authoritarian regime, suppress democracy, exploit labor)

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19
Q

Why end of e Asia model?

A

Japan stagnate since 1990s, SE NICs asian financial crisis 1997

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20
Q

Why e asia continues growth?

A

SK reform from IMF

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21
Q

Modernization theory of democracy

A

Progressive accumulation of socio-economic changes-> democracy

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22
Q

Caveat to modernization theory of democracy

A

When poor countries democratize and rich don’t

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23
Q

Marxism theory of democracy

A

Power struggle between capitalists and working class-> democracy

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24
Q

Caveat to Marxism theory of democracy

A

In e Asia the working class did not lead the dem transition

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25
Q

Cultural explanation for democracy

A

Civic culture

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26
Q

Caveat to cultural explanation of democracy

A

E Asia under influence of Confucianism

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27
Q

Explaining E Asian democracy experience

A

Modernization and Marxism; economic dev-> middle class and civil society-> demand democracy

28
Q

Other factors to e Asian democracy experience

A

Economic dev weakened authoritarian ideology; threat from foreign enemies declines, intl (US) pressure, leadership

29
Q

Pre-democratization ROK and ROC

A

Both Japanese colonies, divided nation, anti-communist close with US, authoritarian regimes with similar economic dev, democratized at the same time

30
Q

SK important presidents

A

Rhee->Park->Chun->Roh

31
Q

SK military coups

A

1961 Park: 1979 Chun

32
Q

Main factors contributing to dem in SK

A

Economic dev->middle class; pressure from society (1960 righteous student uprising, 1989 Gwangju dem movement), Roh Tae-woo

33
Q

How did Roh Tae-woo help democratize SK?

A

Promised direct election and civil rights; referendum revised constitution; Roh gradually put in dem institutions

34
Q

Evolution of Taiwan political systems

A

1945-49: chinese civil war
1987-2000: democratic transition
2000- democratic consolidation

35
Q

KMT authoritarian rule

A

Taiwanese= base to regain Mainland; autocratic leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek with democratic facade and suppress Taiwanese independence

36
Q

Autocratic leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek

A

Party-state, mainlanders in national politics, dividing local forces with local elections

37
Q

Social demand for democratization in Taiwan

A

Feb 28 incident
Students suppress with local police
Workers suppressed with Taiwan Provincial Federation of Labor
Dangwai movement
Economic dev-> middle class
Students active in 1990s with Wild Lily Movement

38
Q

Dangwai movement

A

Major opposition movement in Taiwan, began 1970, pushing for democracy and Taiwan independence, support from new political journalism and roots in local politics and moved upwards

39
Q

Role of Chiang Ching-Ko in Taiwan democracy

A

Expanding arena of political competition and upward mobility of local Taiwanese within KMT

40
Q

How did Chiang Ching-Ko expand arena of political competition?

A

Abolish ban of political parties; introduce election of Gov, Taipei/Kaoshing mayors

41
Q

How did Chiang Ching-Ko help upward mobility of local Taiwanese within KMT?

A

Additional members to parliament, more gov and party positions, Lee Teng-hui

42
Q

Who was Lee Teng-hui?

A

Local Taiwanese, VP-Pres after Ching-Kuo in 1996, 1st popular elected President

43
Q

What is the East Asian economic miracle?

A

1960s-1990s rapid growth in Japan, 4 little tigers (HK, SK, singapore and Taiwan), and SEA Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand with equal distribution of wealth benefits

44
Q

Preparing for cultural revolution

A

Ideological contest with USSR, masses “class struggle” and campaigns; factional struggle and blame game after GLF, central role of Mao

45
Q

Sources of Mao vision and thought

A

Marxism and Leninism + Chinese history

46
Q

Mao’s grand vision

A

Continue revolution in China and global leadership of revolution

47
Q

Mao’s goals

A

Replace Liu Shaoqi, discipline huge bureaucracy, expose China’s youth to revolutionary experiences and achieving policy changes in Mao style

48
Q

Central cultural revolution group (CCRG)

A

Responsible to Politburo and Mao, mainly his radical supporters; central role in CR and once even replaced Politburo

49
Q

Red guards

A

Student soldiers of Mao to defend revolutionary lines

50
Q

Gang of 4

A

Political faction at top in CR; blamed with Lin Biao for counter-revolutionary forces so responsible for wrong deeds of CR and arrested

51
Q

CR impact on targets

A

Purged but later rehabilitated

52
Q

CR impact on participants

A

Adventurous youth; disobedient in long term

53
Q

CR institutional transformation

A

Short-term devastated party-state structure but long-term return to dualism; Mao’s reputation: 70% +; 30% -

54
Q

CR Economic impacts

A

Experts purged, incentives gone, production down; long term: China needs different path-> capitalist road

55
Q

Juche ideology

A

Kim Il-Sung-ism

56
Q

Basis of juche

A

Man is master of world and his fate

57
Q

Emphasis of juche

A

Role of masses as masters of revolution

58
Q

National level juche

A

Economic self-sufficiency, political independence, national defense self-reliance

59
Q

Juche metaphor

A

Kim=head; party=body; masses=arms/legs

60
Q

Origins of juche

A

1955; Kim Il-Sung personality cult, power and creativity; influence of Korean traditional culture

61
Q

Application of Juche

A

Creative application of Marxism-Leninism; purged pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese; only Sci rev thought, in KWP charter and constitution

62
Q

Songun policy

A

Kim Jong-Il, military first

63
Q

Basis of songun policy

A

Rely on military for revolution, economic construction and DPRK socialism; military-> central institution and prioritize needs of military

64
Q

Songun and Juche

A

Songun builds on juche and advances to next level

65
Q

Why Songun policy?

A

End of Cold War, collapse of SU; Kim Jong-Il must get power and legitimacy: military is crucial to maintain regime

E Asian Poli Systems (4 decks)

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