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E Asian Poli Systems > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the immediate impacts of Japan’s WWII surrender?

A

Bureaucrats erase evidence of wartime activities, “recreation and amusement centers”, economic opportunities and entrepreneurship, food shortages, major social problems: alcohol, drugs, robbery, theft

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2
Q

Who is MacArthur?

A

Supreme commander for allied powers (SCAP)

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3
Q

2 goals of american occupation

A

Demilitarize & democratize

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4
Q

How does the U.S. Demilitarize Japan?

A

Disband military, special police, Tokyo trial

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5
Q

How does the U.S. “Clean the soil of militarism”?

A

Smash authoritarian rule, equalize political rights, unionize, land reform

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6
Q

1946-47 peace constitution

A

Downgrade emperor, fundamental human rights, article 9 to renounce war

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7
Q

Zaibatsu

A

Large firms the U.S. Originally wanted to break up in Japan

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8
Q

LDP

A

Liberal party + Democratic Party merge in Japan 1955

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9
Q

JSP

A

Japan socialist party; had first plurality in 1947 election

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10
Q

US reverse course in Japan

A

Worry of communist expansion, shift in american policy: scaled back on dissolving zaibatsu, weaken labor movement, national police force, red purge

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11
Q

When does Japan surrender?

A

August 15 1945

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12
Q

Economic recovery in Japan

A

1949 dodge line: balance budget, abolish state subsidies to business
1950 Korean War: american military orders surged

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13
Q

When did american occupation end?

A

1952

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14
Q

Remaining problems after american occupation of Japan

A

Okinawa, ROC/PRC not present, Soviet Union walked out

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15
Q

Japanese diet

A

House of reps (more powerful) and house of councillors

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16
Q

House of reps before electoral reform

A

4 year term, can be dissolved; single non transferable vote (multiple seats)

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17
Q

What eroded Japan’s 1955 system?

A

Corruption scandals, economic bubble, welfare to aging society, momentum to electoral reform

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18
Q

Political issues in 1950s and 1960s

A

Constitution lost momentum, relations with US, labor movement, peace movement, US-Japan treaty

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19
Q

Problems with US-Japan security treaty

A

Japan is a military target, one sided obligation of Japan

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20
Q

Japan shifting focus 1960s-1970s

A

Constitutional revision & confrontation w/ unions, income doubling plan, LDP alliance w/ farmers, workers, Japan productivity center

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21
Q

LDP income doubling plan 1960

A

State guidance of market economy, economic miracle

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22
Q

Citizen movements of Japan 1960s

A

Anti-Vietnam war, student movements (–> corporate blacklisting), environmental activism, better welfare; LDP response: join in

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23
Q

Japan oil crisis

A

Economic growth halts 1973, GNP decline, prices increase 25%, panic buys, Japan–> less reliant on oil

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24
Q

Japan’s relations w/ US 1960s-1970s

A

Cornerstone of US asian policy, interdependence, Okinawa back to Japan, 1971 Nixon shocks, trade disputes

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25
Q

Japan-US trade disputes

A

Companies began to compete, compromise: Japan companies will produce in US; 1988 super 301 clause, 1985 plaza accord & bubble economy

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26
Q

1988 super 301 clause

A

Asking Japan to constrain some exports to US & open domestic market to US products

27
Q

1985 plaza accord & bubble economy

A

Appreciate yen by 100%, make products more expensive and less competitive on international market

28
Q

PRC features of authority structure

A

Dual rule of party & state, party has leading role
Standing office for delegation of authority
Hierarchical structure of authority: vertical lines, horizontal blocks

29
Q

Organizational principles of PRC

A

Democratic centralism, collective leadership, mass line

30
Q

Advantages & problems of PRC authority structure

A

Accountability, bureaucratic interpretation & power drift, deviation discovery & control

31
Q

Mao & authority structure

A

Above the system

32
Q

Authority structure

A

Party makes policy, state administers it

33
Q

PLA & authority structure

A

Beyond the gov, loyal to party

34
Q

Goals of PRC authority structure

A

Centralism to give leaders leverage, promote/manage rapid industrialization, obtain resources from rural sector, guided social change

35
Q

Beijing politburo

A

5-6 member standing committee; central committee= reps from all levels; plenum= full meeting

36
Q

Within PRC central committees

A

Departments with power; top: state council w/ commissions for interminesterial problems & ministries w/ single focus

37
Q

Communist party membership

A

Rural membership

38
Q

Communist party strategies

A

Survived hardship-> strategy, adaptability, spiritual strength; campaigns-> political mobilization, organizational strengths; linkage with masses

39
Q

Goals for CCP continuing revolution

A

Mobilize mass support for national construction & transform China to communist society

40
Q

Pre-requisites for continuing revolution

A

a) charismatic leadership: Mao
b) mass mobilization: mass line & class struggle
c) structure of authority: party state & military

41
Q

Mao’s status in CCP

A

Great leader, great teacher, great supreme commander, great helmsman

42
Q

CCP 1949-1956 4 substantiate r priorities

A

1) cement terms of relationship w/ USSR
2) establish governing apparatus ruling urban & rural China
3) restore urban economy
4) consolidate control over countryside & land reform

43
Q

Source of Mao Zedong thought

A

Marx-Leninism + chinese history

44
Q

Mao Zedong thought features

A

Prominence of ideology: right thinking-> right conduct
Voluntarism: motivation to overcome material obstacles
Contradictions: solve through struggle
Class struggle: not capitalist or feudal, social relations by personal ties
Mass line & anti intellectualism
Self reliance

45
Q

Major campaigns in new democracy period

A 
Recovery from war & land reform
Suppression of counter-revolutionaries
3-anti & 5-anti
Collectivization
First 5 Year plan
46
Q

CCP land reform

A

Remove from landlord, give to peasants; violent; gave CCP access to rural areas, restored agriculture

47
Q

CCP suppression of counter revolutionaries

A

Civil servants of GMD, urban gangs, foreigners

48
Q

3 Anti & 5 Anti

A

3 anti: corruption, waste, bureaucracy

5 anti: bribery, theft of state property, tax evasion, cheating on gov contracts, stealing state economic information

49
Q

Thought reform of intellectuals

A

Criticize teachers, soviet style education

50
Q

Agriculture cooperivitization

A

Peasant mutual aid teams, larger farms

51
Q

Hundred flowers campaign

A

Allow opinions, criticism, then called off and anti-rightist campaign

52
Q

Anti-rightist campaign

A

Persecute intellectuals, officials, artists, dissidents, those who like communism

53
Q

4 tensions of CCP

A

Role of Mao: outside the law, system didn’t need him
Soviet problem: moral contrasted CCP values
Losing $ on soviet loans
Intellectual criticism: crackdown, purged helpful people

54
Q

Great Leap Forward 1958-1961

A

Mass mobilization of peasants for development without increased investment; “surpass US & UK”, especially with steel production; rural communes: gov admin & econ production

55
Q

Consequences of Great Leap Forward

A

Economic disaster, great famine, Mao criticized

56
Q

Taiwan ethnic groups

A

Majority han

57
Q

Taiwan official language

A

Mandarin

58
Q

Treaty of shimonoseiki

A

1895; following 1st sino-japanese war, ceding Taiwan to Japan

59
Q

Roc/Taiwanese clashing

A

ROC thinks Taiwanese corrupted by japanese, Taiwanese enjoyed progress as japanese colony

60
Q

Chen yi

A

Governor General

61
Q

Feb 28 incident

A

Officials beat up woman selling cigs, shoot bystander, riots & 32 demands for more autonomy

62
Q

GMD response to feb 28 incident

A

Tighter control, replace Chen yi

63
Q

Change in Taiwan agenda

A

Wealth from mainland to Taiwan
Declared martial law 1949
Tutelage period toward democracy: constitution, 5-Yuan, 3 principles
Reconstructing party: grow membership, expand bases
Freeze Taiwanese out of national office

64
Q

Taiwan economic recovery

A

Reduced barriers of education & entrepreneurship, import substitution-> export-led development, land reform: rent reduction, sale of public land, land to tenant farmers, us & Japan support

E Asian Poli Systems (4 decks)

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