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E Asian Poli Systems > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional China:

A

Agrarian economy, Confucianism, tributary systems

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2
Q

Traditional Chinese dynasties

A

Emperor, merit-based bureaucracy, grass roots gentry politics

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3
Q

Traditional China economy

A

Subsistence economy, man to land ratio, extractive elites, nonvalued tech

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4
Q

Classes in traditional China

A

1) Gentry scholars (officials, landlords)
2) peasant farmers (producers, tied to land)
3) artisans (nonessential)
4) merchants (dangerous, wealthy, could not take exams)

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5
Q

Confucianism

A

Set of virtues; everyone has position= harmonious society; humanism=altruism for all, central to ideology; Justice, loyalty, filial piety; practice through ceremony (li) and punishment (fa)

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6
Q

Hundred schools of thought

A

Legalism= rule by law
Daoism= nature
Mohism= universal love
Buddhism

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7
Q

Why is China the center of e asia?

A

Age, size, wealth

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8
Q

Chinese world order- foreign relations

A

Extension of admin w/ tributary system; merchant trade, exchange gifts

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9
Q

Imperial China collapse bc

A

Traditional dynasty decline
Industrializing west & Japan
Vassal rebellions, peasant uprisings, external invasion, usurpation by powerful officials

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10
Q

Qing dynasty

A

Population growth, corruption and natural disasters, weak successor

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11
Q

4 great rebellions of Qing dynasty

A

Taiping- heartland of China, hurt economy
Nian
NW/SW Muslim- not threatening bc outskirts

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12
Q

Qing rebellions impact

A

1) economic
2) rise of han provincial leaders (local armies)
3) ideological orthodoxy: Mandate of Heaven as non-han

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13
Q

External challenges to Qing

A

Opium wars, sino-french, sino-japanese, boxer intl

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14
Q

Consequences of opium wars

A

Unequal treaty, sovereignty loss (open trade ports, extraterritoriality; no tariff control); spheres of influence & us open door policy

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15
Q

Treaty of Nanjing 1842

A

Trade ports forced open, British took Hong Kong, China pays indemnity, tariffs limited

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16
Q

Open door policy year

A

1899

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17
Q

Boxer rebellion

A

Anti-foreign, squashed by europe, us and Japan; had to pay $333 mil & allow military in Beijing; righteous & harmonious fists

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18
Q

3 responses in China to foreigners

A

Nativist: should isolate, focus on central ideology
Selective modernizer: stick to Confucianism, use tech from West, self-strengthening
Iconoclast modernizer: must establish a republic, turn to west

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19
Q

Xinhai Revolution

A

1911 wuchang uprising, founding Republic of China in 1912

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20
Q

Why was there a revolution in China in 1912?

A

Social conditions, people stopped believing Confucianism, lots of revolutionary groups, railway movement distracted the military

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21
Q

May fourth movement

A

Uni students attacked social organizations; new culture movement; Tiananmen square March–> anti-Japan

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22
Q

21 demands

A

From Japan, national humiliation, so may fourth, GMD, CCP; first attempt at mobilizing all populations

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23
Q

Nationalist: Sun Yat-Sen’s three principles

A

1) nationalism: end of foreign imperialism
2) democracy: gov by people (tutelage first, 5-Yuan system)
3) people’s livelihood: progressivism & socialism

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24
Q

First United front

A

1924-1927; CCP had propaganda and Chiang Kai-shek had military

25
Q

Nanjing decade 1927-1937

A

Economy developed but corruption & communists; Japan invaded Manchuria-Xi’an incident-civil war-second United front-civil war-1949 PRC est

26
Q

Chinese communist rise to power

A

1) labor mobilization
2) first United front
3) adapting to countryside (jiangxi)
4) long march
5) yan’an era
6) second civil war

27
Q

CCP labor mobilization 1921-23

A

Proletariat was too small

28
Q

First United front 1924-27

A

For more numbers and military protection, ended w/ communist massacre

29
Q

Jiangxi soviets 1929-34

A

Mao dev 4 crucial ideas: land reform, political activity among peasants, govern territory under CCP, military in countryside

30
Q

Long march 1935-35

A

Changed strategic location to Yan’an- already small communist base, beyond GMD military, allowed base in N China when Japan invaded

31
Q

Yan’an Era

A

Growth; major developments- consolidation Mao rule, 1945 party constitution, 1942-44 thought reform
Party values: decentralized rule, ideology to keep cadre’s loyal, officials w/ broad leadership, close ties w/ local populace, egalitarianism

32
Q

Second Civil war 1947

A

Recruited peasants w/ land reform, used geurilla warfare on CCP, chan ging negotiations
3 campaigns: liaoshen- CCP advantage bc communist north; huai-hai- Beijing surrender; pingjin
1949: GMD retreat

33
Q

Chinese communist party

A

Rural membership, role of strategy and will, linkage with masses

34
Q

Tokugawa period

A

1600-1868; no war

35
Q

Oda nobunagawa

A

Ruthless, gained 1/3 Japan, 1555

36
Q

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

A

Alliance building; 1591

37
Q

Tokugawa ieyasu

A

Began Tokugawa shogunate; reduce castles, forbade alliances, alternate attendance

38
Q

Tokugawa iemitsu

A

1623-1651; enforced political settlements

39
Q

3 daimyo in Tokugawa period

A

Fudai: hereditary vassals of Tokugawa; filled admin ranks
Tozama: outsiders, were equals before est. Shogunate, so were excluded
Shinpan: non-daimyo relatives of Tokugawa shoguns, did not have a place in bureaucracy

40
Q

1800s crisis of Tokugawa shogunate

A

Internal: ecological, merit v hereditary succession, debt
External:
1853: matthew perry from U.S. demands trade
1858: treaty of kanagawa
Massive inflation-> protests

41
Q

1858 treaty of kanagawa

A

Open ports, limit tariffs, extended to France, Britain, Russia

42
Q

Who fought in Tokugawa 1800s

A

Ruling bafuku, powerful daimyo, loyalist samurai

43
Q

Satsuma & Croshu insurgency

A

Loyalist samurai civil war; Tokugawa steps down 1867, 1868 Meiji restoration

44
Q

How did Meiji restoration modernize and westernize?

A

Constitutional diet; power consolidation; enhance emperor authority; civil service exam; abolish daimyo domains/feudal system; eliminate status system (changed ranking); samurais lost income and prestige; modern education system; strong army (conscription, navy)

45
Q

Charter oath of 1868

A

All matters are public discussion

46
Q

1889 constitution

A

Drafted in private; v symbolic

47
Q

Economic reforms in Meiji restoration

A

1875 introduce land tax
Building up infrastructure
State has central role, building up enterprises

48
Q

Meiji imperialism

A 
1876 treaty of kangwha opened up 3 ports; military advisors to korea to rid Qing; 1885 Osaka incident
1874 Taiwan conflict
Sino-japanese war
Russo-japanese war
1910 annex korea
49
Q

China v Japan on modernizing

A

China would not adapt; nativism

Japan wanted to learn, join europe

50
Q

Meiji diet

A

House of rep- 1/3 former samurai; elected

House of peers- not elected

51
Q

How did Meiji create nationalism?

A

Shinto shrines must register to home ministry; ministry of education

52
Q

Taisho era

A

1914; parliamentary politics formed by parties

53
Q

Taisho parties

A

Seiyukai, kenseika, minseito

54
Q

Why did parliamentary politicos work in taisho era?

A

Partners with bureaucrats and military
Shared social terms with elites
Pork barrell

55
Q

Why did parliamentary politics not work in taisho era?

A

Emperor’s rule is only constitutional; military and bureaucracy are not accountable; structural issues (house of peers not elected, oligarchs/elder statesmen, political terror); ideological challenges

56
Q

Why did taisho era end?

A

Great Depression + return of gold standard

Kwangtung army in Manchuria- more aggressive, but helped economy

57
Q

Social masses party Japan

A

Purification campaigns; used authoritarian rule

58
Q

Sino-japanese war

A

1937-1945; Marco Polo bridge began

59
Q

What allowed japanese gov in WWII

A

Economic: industry monopolies
Political: Japan gov cohesive like nazi’s
Cultural: fight modernity

E Asian Poli Systems (4 decks)

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